Separating "Rotators" From "Nonrotators" in the Mental Rotations Test: A Multigroup Latent Class Analysis

Geiser, Christian; Lehmann, Wolfgang; Eid, Michael

doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr4103_2

Cited by 163 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The different instructions were partly based upon strategies identified by Geiser, Lehmann, and Eid (2006) in a sample of 1,695 participants who performed the 24 items of the Mental Rotation Test (MRT, Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental rotation is not easily cognitively penetrable

Kievit¹,

Thompson²,

Kosslyn³

2011

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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When participants take part in mental imagery experiments, are they using their "tacit knowledge" of perception to mimic what they believe should occur in the corresponding perceptual task? Two experiments were conducted to examine whether such an account can be applied to mental imagery in general. These experiments both examined tasks that required participants to "mentally rotate" stimuli. In Experiment 1, instructions led participants to believe that they could re-orient shapes in one step or avoid re-orienting the shapes altogether. Regardless of instruction type, response times increased linearly with increasing rotation angles. In Experiment 2, participants first observed novel objects rotating at different speeds, and then performed a mental rotation task with those objects.The speed of perceptually demonstrated rotation did not affect the speed of mental rotation. We argue that tacit knowledge cannot explain mental imagery results in general, and that in particular the mental rotation effect reflects the nature of the underlying internal representation and processes that transform it, rather than participants' pre-existing knowledge.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental rotation is not easily cognitively penetrable

Kievit¹,

Thompson²,

Kosslyn³

2011

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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“…The profile solution for the entire sample was determined by conducting LPA for the Canadian and Chinese groups separately (Geiser, Lehmann, & Eid, 2006). For each group we fit models with different numbers of profiles (i.e., one-to five-profiles).…”

Section: Data Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After selecting the latent profile model for the entire sample, construct equivalence was tested across Canadian and Chinese groups including unconstrained, semiconstrained, and fully constrained MLPA with country as the grouping variable (Eid, Langeheine, & Diener, 2003;Geiser et al, 2006). For the unconstrained model, within-profile means and variances were allowed to vary freely over group, in addition to profile size.…”

Section: Data Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, if the fully constrained model fits worse than the semiconstrained model, it indicates significant differences in profile size proportions are present between groups. Following past literature the unconstrained, semiconstrained, and fully constrained models were compared according to their BIC values, and the model with the lowest BIC value was chosen (Geiser et al, 2006;Nylund et al, 2007). The criterion validity of the latent profile solution was evaluated using the Auxiliary option in Mplus to test the equality of within-class means on measures of depression, anxiety, stress, negative affect, positive affect, and satisfaction with life using posterior probability based multiple imputation (Rice et al, 2013).…”

Section: Data Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multigroup latent profile analysis was conducted to test if the three-profile solution chosen for the entire sample showed the same latent profile structure and profile size proportions across Canadian and Chinese groups (Eid et al, 2003;Geiser et al, 2006). The BIC value was 21524.20 for the unconstrained model, 21494.28 for the semiconstrained model, and 21638.71…”

Section: Multigroup Latent Profile Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A person-centered perspective on multidimensional perfectionism in Canadian and Chinese university students: A multigroup latent profile analysis

Smith

Saklofske

Gao

et al. 2016

Personality and Individual Differences

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This study investigated the generalizability of the tripartite model of perfectionism across Canadian and Chinese university students. Using latent profile analysis, and indicators of perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and neuroticism, a three-profile solution was derived in both groups: Adaptive Perfectionists, Maladaptive Perfectionists and NonPerfectionists. Furthermore, multigroup latent profile analysis supported the construct equivalence of the three-profile solution across groups. Results further suggested a greater proportion of Chinese students could be classified as Adaptive Perfectionists.Keywords: perfectionism; cross-cultural; multi-group mixture modeling Perfectionism is a dispositional tendency to strive for flawlessness, set excessively high standards, and experience disappointment with anything falling short of perfection (Hewitt & Flett, 1991;Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990). A widely used model proposes perfectionism is best conceptualized as a multidimensional personality trait (see Hewitt, Flett, The Present StudyWe hypothesized a three-profile solution could be derived with three observed indicators measuring perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and neuroticism (Rice et al., 2013; 5 Richardson et al., 2014) in Canadian and Chinese university students. Neuroticism was included as an indicator based on research suggesting neuroticism underlies and predisposes perfectionism (Dunkley, Blankstein, & Berg, 2012; Rice et al., 2013;Sherry & Hall, 2009;Smith et al., 2014).In addition, we hypothesized that the tripartite model would provide the most meaningful description of perfectionism for both the Canadian and Chinese groups and would correspond to profiles identified in past research of Adaptive Perfectionists, Maladaptive Perfectionists, and Non-Perfectionists (Rice et al., 2013; Richardson et al., 2014). These profiles were expected to be structurally equivalent across groups.Anticipating a three-profile solution and support for construct equivalence, we further expected that the construct validity of the profiles would be supported via theoretically coherent patterns of associations with depression, anxiety, stress, negative affect, positive affect and life satisfaction. That is, we expected that if a three-profile solution with construct equivalence was extracted, Maladaptive Perfectionists would report higher depression, anxiety, stress and negative affect and lower positive affect and life satisfaction relative to Adaptive Perfectionists and, in turn, the group with the lowest perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and neuroticism (Non-Perfectionists). Finally, past research suggests that Canadians relative to Chinese university students report equivalent perfectionistic concerns but significantly greater perfectionistic strivings (see Smith, Saklofske, Yan, & Sherry, 2015) and further, that regardless of language (English or Mandarin) or country (Canada or China), perfectionistic strivings exacerbates the effect of pe...

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The eye of the beholder: Can patterns in eye movement reveal aptitudes for spatial reasoning?

Roach

Fraser

Kryklywy

et al. 2015

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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Mental rotation ability (MRA) is linked to academic success in the spatially complex Science, Technology, Engineering, Medicine, and Mathematics (STEMM) disciplines, and anatomical sciences. Mental rotation literature suggests that MRA may manifest in the movement of the eyes. Quantification of eye movement data may serve to distinguish MRA across individuals, and serve as a consideration when designing visualizations for instruction. It is hypothesized that high-MRA individuals will demonstrate fewer eye fixations, conduct shorter average fixation durations (AFD), and demonstrate shorter response times, than low-MRA individuals. Additionally, individuals with different levels of MRA will attend to different features of the block-figures presented in the electronic mental rotations test (EMRT). All participants (n = 23) completed the EMRT while metrics of eye movement were collected. The test required participants view pairs of three-dimensional (3D) shapes, and identify if the pair is rotated but identical, or two different structures. Temporal analysis revealed no significant correlations between response time, average fixation durations, or number of fixations and mental rotation ability. Further analysis of within-participant variability yielded a significant correlation for response time variability, but no correlation between AFD variability and variability in the number of fixations. Additional analysis of salience revealed that during problem solving, individuals of differing MRA attended to different features of the block images; suggesting that eye movements directed at salient features may contribute to differences in mental rotations ability, and may ultimately serve to predict success in anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 9: 357-366. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.

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Separating "Rotators" From "Nonrotators" in the Mental Rotations Test: A Multigroup Latent Class Analysis

Cited by 163 publications

References 36 publications

Mental rotation is not easily cognitively penetrable

Mental rotation is not easily cognitively penetrable

A person-centered perspective on multidimensional perfectionism in Canadian and Chinese university students: A multigroup latent profile analysis

The eye of the beholder: Can patterns in eye movement reveal aptitudes for spatial reasoning?

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