Separating automatic and intentional inhibitory mechanisms of attention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Roberts, Walter; Fillmore, Mark T.; Milich, Richard

doi:10.1037/a0021408

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Executive function deficits have been intensively investigated in children with ADHD, whereas there is still comparatively little research on executive function deficits in adults with ADHD (e.g., Roberts et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have a hard time waiting their turn (e.g., Krause and Krause 2009), inhibiting responses (e.g., Boonstra et al 2010), and planning actions (e.g., Roberts et al 2011), and this impulsivity leads to several detrimental effects as for instance, risky behavior (e.g., fast driving; Jerome et al 2006) and sensation seeking (e.g., Antrop et al 2000). Importantly, ADHD symptoms change from childhood to adulthood in such a way that hyperactivity and inattention decline, whereas impulsivity persists (Biederman et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multitasking in adults with ADHD

Gawrilow

Merkt²,

Goossens-Merkt³

et al. 2011

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Adults with ADHD have problems in everyday multitasking situations presumably because of deficits in executive functions. The present study aims to find out (a) whether adults with ADHD show deficient multitasking performance in a standardized task, (b) how they perceive the multitasking situation, and (c) which task structure might be beneficial for them as compared with adults without ADHD. Therefore, we experimentally compared task performance, mood, and motivation in a group of 45 men with ADHD (M-age = 34.47, SD = 9.95) with a comparison group of 42 men without ADHD (M-age = 31.12, SD = 10.59) in three conditions: (a) a multitasking paradigm, (b) an interleaving condition in which tasks had to be performed without planning or monitoring, and (c) a non-interleaving condition. Our results showed no impaired multitasking performance in adults with ADHD. However, they showed better mood and more motivation in the non-interleaving condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multitasking in adults with ADHD

Gawrilow

Merkt²,

Goossens-Merkt³

et al. 2011

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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“…Laboratory research using these measures provides evidence implicating the role of poor inhibitory control in impulsivity. For example, studies show that groups characterized by impulsivity, such as those with ADHD or drug abusers, display poorer inhibitory control than healthy control groups (Roberts, Fillmore, & Milich, 2011; Barkley, 1997). Also, studies in behavioral pharmacology show that drugs such as alcohol, known for promoting impulsive actions, appear to do so by selectively reducing the drinker’s ability to inhibit responses (Marczinski & Fillmore, 2003; Fillmore & Weafer, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of alcohol on inhibitory control and simulated driving in DUI offenders

Dyke

Fillmore

2014

Journal of Safety Research

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Introduction The public health costs associated with alcohol-related traffic accidents have prompted considerable research aimed at identifying characteristics of individuals who drive under the influence (DUI) in order to improve treatment and prevention strategies. Survey studies consistently show that DUI offenders self-report higher levels of impulsivity compared to their nonoffending counterparts. However, little is known about how individuals with a DUI history respond under alcohol. Inhibitory control is a behavioral component of impulsivity thought to underlie risky drinking and driving behaviors. Method The present study examined the degree to which DUI drivers display deficits of inhibitory control in response to alcohol and the degree to which alcohol impaired their simulated driving performance. It was hypothesized that DUI offenders would display an increased sensitivity to the acute impairing effects of alcohol on simulated driving performance. Young adult drivers with a history of DUI and a demographically-comparable group of drivers with no history of DUI (controls) were tested following a 0.65 g/kg dose of alcohol and a placebo. Inhibitory control was measured using a cued go/no-go task. Drivers then completed a driving simulation task that yielded multiple indicators of driving performance, such as within-lane deviation, steering rate, centerline crossings and road edge excursions, and drive speed. Results Results showed that although DUI offenders self-reported greater levels of impulsivity than did controls, no group differences were observed in the degree to which alcohol impaired inhibitory control and driving performance. The findings point to the need to identify other aspects of behavioral dysfunction underlying the self-reported impulsivity among DUI offenders, and to better understand the specific driving situations that might pose greater risk to DUI offenders.

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“…Although the presentation of such a stimulus would typically elicit a reflexive shift in attention towards its location (Peterson, Kramer, & Irwin, 2004), participants are instructed to maintain their gaze on a central fixation point. Participants with poor attentional control typically have more difficulty ignoring the distracter stimulus (Roberts, Fillmore, & Milich, 2011; Ross, Harris, Olincy, & Radant, 2000). Using this task, our group has examined the effects of moderate doses of alcohol on inhibitory control of attention in healthy social drinkers (Abroms, Gottlob, & Fillmore, 2006; Weafer & Fillmore, 2012b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy drinking and the role of inhibitory control of attention.

Roberts

Miller

Weafer

et al. 2014

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Alcohol can disrupt goal-directed behavior by impairing the ability to inhibit attentional shifts towards salient but goal-irrelevant stimuli. Individuals who are highly sensitive to this effect of the drug may be at increased risk for problematic drinking, especially among those whose attention is drawn to alcohol-related cues in the environment (i.e., attentional bias). The current study examined the acute impairing effect of alcohol on inhibitory mechanisms of attentional control in a group of healthy social drinkers. We then examined whether increased sensitivity to this disinhibiting effect of alcohol was associated with heavy drinking, especially among those who have an attentional bias towards alcohol-related stimuli. Eighty nondependent social drinkers performed a delayed ocular response task that measured their inhibitory control of attention by their ability to suppress attentional shifts to irrelevant stimuli. Attentional bias was measured using a visual probe task. Inhibitory control was assessed following a moderate dose of alcohol (0.64 g/kg) and a placebo. Participants made more inhibitory failures (i.e., premature saccades) following 0.64 g/kg alcohol compared with placebo and the relation of this effect to their drinking habits did depend on the level of the drinker’s attentional bias to alcohol-related stimuli. Among drinkers with higher attentional bias, greater impairment of inhibitory control was associated with heavier drinking. In contrast, drinkers with little or no attentional bias showed no relation between their sensitivity to the disinhibiting effects of alcohol and drinking habits. These findings have implications for understanding how heightened incentive-salience of alcohol cues and impaired attentional control can interactively contribute to excessive alcohol use.

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Separating automatic and intentional inhibitory mechanisms of attention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Cited by 29 publications

References 84 publications

Multitasking in adults with ADHD

Multitasking in adults with ADHD

Acute effects of alcohol on inhibitory control and simulated driving in DUI offenders

Heavy drinking and the role of inhibitory control of attention.

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