Separate requirements for detection and perceptual stability of motion in interocular suppression

Ananyev, Egor; Penney, Trevor B.; Hsieh, Po‐Jang

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07805-5

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The results for the main effects and interactions from GLM and Bayes factor are shown in Table 2 and Figure 7 (individual data in Supplementary Figure S6). The faster masks were less effective overall, confirming previous reports (effect #1; Ananyev, Penney, & Hsieh, 2017;Han, Blake, & Alais, 2018). Moving targets had lower contrast thresholds, i.e., were easier to detect, than the stationary target (effect #2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Center-surround velocity-based segmentation: Speed, eccentricity, and timing of visual stimuli interact to determine interocular dominance

2019

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We used a novel method to capture the spatial dominance pattern of competing motion fields at rivalry onset. When rivaling velocities were different, the participants reported center-surround segmentation: The slower stimuli often dominated in the center while faster motion persisted along the borders. The size of the central static/slow field scaled with the stimulus size. The central dominance was time-locked to the static stimulus onset but was disrupted if the dynamic stimulus was presented later. We then used the same stimuli as masks in an interocular suppression paradigm. The local suppression strengths were probed with targets at different eccentricities. Consistent with the centersurround segmentation, target speed and location interacted with mask velocities. Specifically, suppression power of the slower masks was nonhomogenous with eccentricity, providing a potential explanation for centersurround velocity-based segmentation. This interaction of speed, eccentricity, and timing has implications for motion processing and interocular suppression. The influence of different masks on which target features get suppressed predicts that some ''unconscious effects'' are not generalizable across masks and, thus, need to be replicated under various masking conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Center-surround velocity-based segmentation: Speed, eccentricity, and timing of visual stimuli interact to determine interocular dominance

2019

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“…Contradictory evidence does exist in the literature, but our view is that in the absence of spatiotemporal control with narrowband stimuli, it is difficult to determine the extent to which feature selectivity influences CFS suppression. For example, Ananyev et al (2017) found that regardless of target speed, slow-moving Mondrian patterns (18/s-28/s) were most effective in suppressing a moving circular disk. Barring more complicated processes, basic spatiotemporal attributes of the stimuli could offer an explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore likely that CFS would involve suppression processes that are selective in the temporal dimension. However, because Mondrian maskers are temporally broadband and CFS studies typically use static targets (but see Ananyev, Penney, & Hsieh, 2017;Kaunitz et al, 2014;Moors et al, 2014), the proposition has not been specifically addressed. In this study, we measured the temporal selectivity of CFS by comparing 2-and 10-Hz narrowband noise maskers on targets modulating at a range of temporal frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength of continuous flash suppression is optimal when target and masker modulation rates are matched

Han

Alais

2018

Journal of Vision

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Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a popular technique whereby a dynamic sequence of Mondrian patterns is presented to one eye in order to suppress a static target presented to the other eye. Although the effectiveness of CFS is generally assumed to increase with the flicker rate of the Mondrian masker, a recent study has shown that suppression is optimal at very low masker rates for sustained targets, but higher rates may be necessary for transient targets. Here we vary the modulation rates of the masker and target using temporally filtered dynamic noise, which allowed us to examine the relationship between target and masker frequency and its effect on suppression strength. Using these carefully controlled, temporally narrowband stimuli, we demonstrate a pattern of results showing that suppression is greatest when target and masker modulate at similar frequencies. This finding indicates the involvement of early temporal-frequency-tuned filters underlying CFS and is consistent with many existing findings in the CFS literature. We also find that these temporally selective processes are orientation selective, which points to an early cortical substrate such as neurons in primary visual cortex. Overall, our study reveals that CFS suppression can be maximized by carefully matching the masker and target in temporal frequency and orientation. More generally, we show the importance of using carefully controlled stimuli for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of CFS. This approach is important at a theoretical level, as it will enable comparison of CFS with existing models of binocular rivalry and interocular suppression and facilitate a unified explanatory framework.

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“…Studies examining the underlying mechanisms of CFS revealed similarities with BR. For instance, rather than a complete and non-selective attenuation, suppression in both paradigms has been shown to be feature-selective for attributes such as orientation (Stuit, Cass, Paffen, & Alais, 2009;Stuit, Paffen, van der Smagt, & Verstraten, 2011;Yang & Blake, 2012; and motion (Stuit et al, 2011;Moors, Wagemans, & de-Wit, 2014; but see Ananyev, Penney & Hsieh, 2017). These featureselective processes also appeared to operate independently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous flash suppression operates in local spatial zones: effects of mask size and contrast

Han¹,

Lukaszewski²,

Alais³

2018

Preprint

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Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a technique in which presenting one eyewith a dynamic Mondrian sequence prevents a low-contrast target in the other eye frombeing perceived for many seconds. Frequently used to study unconscious visualprocessing, CFS bears many similarities with binocular rivalry (BR), another populardichoptic stimulation technique. It is therefore puzzling that the effect of mask size andcontrast seem to differ between CFS and BR. To resolve this discrepancy, we conducted asystematic investigation on the effects of mask size and contrast in CFS. Also, buildingon findings from BR, we asked if the collinearity of the contours in the Mondrian maskerplay a role in CFS suppression. Our results showed a robust effect of mask contrast onsuppression durations, and an effect of mask size that depended on collinearity.Specifically, higher mask contrasts produced longer suppression regardless of collinearityand mask size. Mask size, on the other hand, had little effect on suppression whencollinearity was low and it weakened suppression when collinearity is high. Theseobservations parallel prior findings in BR, further substantiating the close link betweenthe two paradigms and demonstrating the usefulness of a shared explanatory frameworkdescribing both phenomena.

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Separate requirements for detection and perceptual stability of motion in interocular suppression

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Center-surround velocity-based segmentation: Speed, eccentricity, and timing of visual stimuli interact to determine interocular dominance

Center-surround velocity-based segmentation: Speed, eccentricity, and timing of visual stimuli interact to determine interocular dominance

Strength of continuous flash suppression is optimal when target and masker modulation rates are matched

Continuous flash suppression operates in local spatial zones: effects of mask size and contrast

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