Separable Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted JPEG Bitstreams

Qian, Zhenxing; Zhou, Hang; Zhang, Xinpeng; Zhang, Weimin

doi:10.1109/tdsc.2016.2634161

Cited by 94 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Without encryption, marked images can be decoded directly by any receiver, because the concealment follows JPEG encoding criterion. In Qian et al's [26] method, some arbitrary blocks are selected as side information and AC coefficients in other blocks are compressed to reserve spare space. With a great number of iterations to search for optimal parameters, images can be recovered almost lossless.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of the two methods compress data before data hiding, but considerable modification in AC coefficients is involved. Chang et al [27] modifies the least two planes of AC coefficients, while Qian et al [26] modifies the whole fraction of AC coefficients in unselected blocks. Then PSNR and EC in Chang et al's [27] method are both larger than those in Qian et al's [26] method with the same QF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the advantages of low complexity and high efficiency, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is used as a major image compression technique [15] [16]. Four kinds of RDH methods are established independently in JPEG images, VLC mapping [17][18][19][20], quantified DCT coefficients modification [21][22][23][24][25] and concealment in encrypted JPEG bitstreams [26] [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to realize transmission security, Qian et al [26] proposed the first JPEG encryption algorithm, which complies with JPEG decoding criterion, and embeds an additional message into the encrypted bitstreams without changing file size. Original bitstreams can be reconstructed intactly using an iterative recovery algorithm based on the blocking artefact at the expense of a large computational amount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A reversible data hiding scheme in JPEG bitstreams using DCT coefficients truncation

2020

KSII TIIS

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A reversible data hiding scheme in JPEG compressed bitstreams is proposed, which could avoid decoding failure and file expansion by means of removing of bitstreams corresponding to high frequency coefficients and embedding of secret data in file header as comment part. We decode original JPEG images to quantified 8×8 DCT blocks, and search for a high frequency as an optimal termination point, beyond which the coefficients are set to zero. These blocks are separated into two parts so that termination point in the latter part is slightly smaller to make the whole blocks available in substitution. Then spare space is reserved to insert secret data after comment marker so that data extraction is independent of recovery in receiver. Marked images can be displayed normally such that it is difficult to distinguish deviation by human eyes. Termination point is adaptive for variation in secret size. A secret size below 500 bits produces a negligible distortion and a PSNR of approximately 50 dB, while PSNR is also mostly larger than 30 dB for a secret size up to 25000 bits. The experimental results show that the proposed technique exhibits significant advantages in computational complexity and preservation of file size for small hiding capacity, compared to previous methods. .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A reversible data hiding scheme in JPEG bitstreams using DCT coefficients truncation

2020

KSII TIIS

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“…covert communication [18][19][20]22]. Data hiding usually leads to irreversible distortion in the cover (original) signal, which is not allowed for signals with rigorous precision such as the medical images or the military documents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel auxiliary data construction scheme for reversible data hiding in JPEG images

Zhang

2017

Multimed Tools Appl

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Constructing the auxiliary data is important in some reversible data hiding (RDH) techniques, where both the auxiliary data and the secret data are embedded into the cover image. The auxiliary data can be extracted and served as side information for the image recovery. In this paper, we propose a novel auxiliary data construction scheme for RDH in JPEG images. In order to preserve the file size, we adopt the RDH framework proposed by Fridrich et al., where the least significant bits (LSBs) of the original AC coefficients (termed as the original LSBs) are compressed directly as the auxiliary data. In order to achieve a higher compression rate, we propose to reconstruct the original LSBs from the corresponding AC coefficients with all the LSBs set to zero, which is performed by analyzing the block artifacts in the spatial domain. The auxiliary data is then constructed by compressing the original LSBs conditioned on the reconstructed LSBs. In conjunction with the auxiliary data construction, we also propose a coefficient selection strategy to further improve the compression rate. The experiments show that the size of our auxiliary data is smaller than that compressed from the original LSBs directly. In addition, the RDH framework with the proposed scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art JPEG RDH techniques with file size preservation.

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