Sentinel surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater anticipates the occurrence of COVID-19 cases

Chavarria-Miró, Gemma; Anfruns-Estrada, Eduard; Guix, Susana; Paraira, Miquel; Galofré, Belén; Sánchez, Glòria; Pintó, Rosa M.; Bosch, Albert

doi:10.1101/2020.06.13.20129627

Cited by 113 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In Spain, SARS-COV-2 was isolated in wastewater in January 2020, before it was officially identified in Spain, and even in samples from 2019. 23 Given Wuhan is a major hub of international commerce and trade, it is likely the virus had already spread outside of China by January, including to India, which is consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Investigation of early epidemiological signals of COVID-19 in India using outbreak surveillance data

Nair¹,

Moa²,

MacIntyre

2020

Global Biosecurity

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Background: The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is worsening, with the widespread disease spread in most countries. Due to varied clinical characteristics of the disease and lack of access to testing, the true burden of disease may be unknown. Epidemiological data and early signals of COVID-19 infection are crucial for disease investigation. Aim: To assess early signals of COVID-19 in India before official reporting of cases in the country and to compare epidemiological characteristics using different surveillance sources. Methods: We used open-source data from November 2019 to April 2020 from the rapid intelligence surveillance tool Epiwatch to determine trends in " pneumonia of unknown causes" in India. COVID-19 line list was extracted from the crowdsourced database to determine the demographic characteristics of cases. Descriptive analysis was performed to assess the trend of pneumonia of unknown cause in India. Results: Reporting of pneumonia of unknown cause increased in India from 24th January 2020. Before the first notification on 30th January 2020, four cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were identified in news reports. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that COVID-19 may have been present in India before the first notified case. Rapid surveillance tools like Epiwatch can be a useful adjunct to traditional, validated surveillance in estimating the trends and burden of infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Investigation of early epidemiological signals of COVID-19 in India using outbreak surveillance data

Nair¹,

Moa²,

MacIntyre

2020

Global Biosecurity

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“…This discovery indicates yet another route of contagion—fecal transmission. Preliminary results confirmed the presence of the virus in raw sewage [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. The lack of treatment of domestic sewage and the discharge of rainwater directly or indirectly through rivers to the sea is a serious threat to the people utilizing that water in many coastal locations [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Environmental Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Beach Tourism in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic: Critical Issues, Knowledge Gaps and Research Opportunities

Zielinski

Botero²

2020

IJERPH

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The strict quarantine measures employed as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic have led the global tourism industry to a complete halt, disrupting the livelihoods of millions. The economic importance of beach tourism for many destinations has led many governments to reopen tourist beaches, as soon as the number of infection cases decreased. The objective of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for understanding the key issues for beach tourism management in these circumstances. These issues include risk perception, environmental considerations directly related to beaches and COVID-19, and management strategies designed to limit the risk of contagion on the beach. The contribution of this paper lies in its interdisciplinary approach to delivering the findings from the latest studies, highly relevant for beach tourism, in psychology, health science, and environmental science (often in preprint and in press format). Particular attention was given to identifying the knowledge gaps evident in the areas of COVID-19 risk perception, with the drivers explaining the risk-taking behavior and the protective strategies employed by beachgoers. Gaps were also found in areas such as the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in bathing waters and the sand, the potential of contaminated sand being a viable route of transmission, and the impact of the use of chemical disinfectants on the marine environment and on bathers. The paper identifies research prospects in these areas, additionally pointing out other questions such as new carrying capacity methods, the opportunity given by COVID-19 in estimation of the impacts of visitation and beach-litter.

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“…In Barcelona, Spain, virologists found traces of coronavirus in wastewater collected in March 2019, 9 months before the disease was identified in China. 95 Because there are large quantities of coronavirus in stool that reaches sewage, water-based epidemiology presents a potential tool for early detection of viral circulation in a community, which can then serve as a signal to implement testing at the individual level. Such monitoring could prove beneficial with large numbers of those infected not displaying clinical signs and living in close proximity, as in college dorms.…”

Section: Novel Testing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 testing and infection surveillance: Is a combined digital contact-tracing and mass-testing solution feasible in the United States?

Skoll¹,

Miller²,

Saxon³

2020

Cardiovascular Digital Health Journal

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In December 2019, the novel COVID-19 virus spread from a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, to every corner of the globe, creating a worldwide pandemic pushing hospital systems past capacity and bringing economies worldwide to a halt. The COVID-19 pandemic is unique in comparison to prior coronavirus epidemics in its superior ability to be spread by asymptomatic and presymptomatic patients, allowing the virus to silently evade traditional symptoms-based screening approaches. Countries have implemented cutting-edge digital solutions to enhance traditional contact-tracing methodologies in combination with novel testing strategies to combat the virus, with variable levels of success. Despite having one of the most advanced and expensive health care systems in the world, the United States (U.S.) response is arguably one of the world's largest failures, as it leads the globe in case number as well as deaths. Until a successful vaccine can be broadly distributed, it is imperative that the U.S. curb the viral spread by rapidly developing a framework implementing both enhanced tracing and testing strategies balancing the needs of public health while respecting individual liberties. This review will explore the role of technology-augmented contact-based surveillance in tracking the outbreak in select countries in comparison to the current U.S. approach. It will evaluate barriers in the U.S. to implementing similar technologies, focusing on privacy concerns and a lack of unified testing and tracing strategy. Finally, it will explore strategies for rapidly scaling testing in a cost-effective manner.

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Sentinel surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater anticipates the occurrence of COVID-19 cases

Cited by 113 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation of early epidemiological signals of COVID-19 in India using outbreak surveillance data

Investigation of early epidemiological signals of COVID-19 in India using outbreak surveillance data

Beach Tourism in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic: Critical Issues, Knowledge Gaps and Research Opportunities

COVID-19 testing and infection surveillance: Is a combined digital contact-tracing and mass-testing solution feasible in the United States?

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