Sentinel-1 A-DInSAR Approaches to Map and Monitor Ground Displacements

Abstract

Persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) is a group of advanced interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) techniques used to measure and monitor terrain deformation. Sentinel-1 has improved the data acquisition throughout and, compared to previous sensors, increased considerably the differential interferometric SAR (DInSAR) and PSI deformation monitoring potential. The low density of persistent scatterer (PS) in non-urban areas is a critical issue in DInSAR and has inspired the development of alternative approaches and refinement of the PS chains. This paper proposes two different and complementary data-driven procedures to obtain terrain deformation maps. These approaches aim to exploit Sentinel-1 highly coherent interferograms and their short revisit time. The first approach, called direct integration (DI), aims at providing a very fast and straightforward approach to screen-wide areas and easily detects active areas. This approach fully exploits the coherent interferograms from consecutive images provided by Sentinel-1, resulting in a very high sampling density. However, it lacks robustness and its usability lays on the operator experience. The second method, called persistent scatterer interferometry geomatics (PSIG) short temporal baseline, provides a constrained application of the PSIG chain, the CTTC approach to the PSI. It uses short temporal baseline interferograms and does not assume any deformation model for point selection. It is also quite a straightforward approach, which improves the performances of the standard PSIG approach, increasing the PS density and providing robust measurements. The effectiveness of the approaches is illustrated through analyses performed on different test sites.

Monitoring Horizontal and Vertical Components of SAMARCO Mine Dikes Deformations by DInSAR-SBAS Using TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1 Data

“…With the advent of differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (A-DInSAR) technologies [5], it was possible to perform surface displacement measurements with data from radar satellites, with individual measurements' precision better than 5 mm depending on the radar system, without field work or ground equipment, providing a dense measurement grid and synoptic view of the area of interest [5][6][7][8]. Many studies have obtained relevant results using the A-DInSAR to monitor the displacement of open pit mines [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] as well as underground mines [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Advanced exploitation of Sentinel-1 data for supporting landslide risk analysis

“…SAR is an active system that overcomes the optical limitations due to cloud coverage or sunlight absence and provides complementary information to other EO techniques. Some examples of satellite interferometry applications are geological hazards detection and characterization Massonnet et al, 1995Massonnet et al, , 1993Reyes-Carmona et al, 2021, 2020, risk assessment (Solari et al, 2020a, monitoring worksites (Botey i Bassols et al, 2021), engineering and mining (Krishnakumar et al, 2021;López-Vinielles et al, 2020;Solari et al, 2020b). In 1989 InSAR was applied for the first time to measure the expansion of water-absorbing clays, with the L-band Seasat sensor .…”