Sentencing primary caregivers in South Africa: the role of the child’s best interests

Human rights and the invisible nature of incarcerated women in post-apartheid South Africa: prison system progress in adopting the Bangkok Rules

“…The intersectionality of systemic gender inequality, poverty stratified along gender lines, trauma, gender based violence against women (GBVAW), mental health issues, and marginalisation, prior to incarceration continue to be reflective of their wider positionality in South African society (Haffejee et al, 2005;Community Law Centre, 2007;Artz et al, 2012;Steyn and Booyens, 2018;UNODC, 2019;ARASA, 2019). They have distinct gendered pathways into crime, often heavily underpinned by crimes of survival, with continued gender and race discrimination in prison (du Preez, 2006;Van Hout and Chimbga, 2020;Parry, 2020;Lauwereys, 2021).…”

“…There are some small-scale studies on South African women in the criminal justice systems, but very little is known about the legacies of apartheid still felt in female prisons, despite evidence for continued structural and economic disadvantages experienced by indigent women (Haffejee et al, 2005;du Preez, 2008;Luyt and du Preez, 2010;Artz et al, 2012;Africa, 2015;Artz and Hoffman-Wanderer, 2017). The intersectionality of systemic gender inequality, poverty stratified along gender lines, trauma, gender based violence against (du Preez, 2006;Van Hout and Chimbga, 2020;Parry, 2020;Lauwereys, 2021). Many academic critiques of the South African penal system and rights-based commentaries on prisoner human rights since 1994 either ignore women in their entirety, or simply refer to women in the sense of separation of sexes (Bukurura, 2002;de Vos, 2005;Muntingh, 2006).…”

“…The intersectionality of systemic gender inequality, poverty stratified along gender lines, trauma, gender based violence against women (GBVAW), mental health issues and marginalisation, prior to incarceration continue to be reflective of their wider positionality in South African society (Haffejee et al , 2005; Community Law Centre, 2007; Artz et al , 2012; Steyn and Booyens, 2018; UNODC, 2019; AIDS and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa (ARASA), 2019). They have distinct gendered pathways into crime, often heavily underpinned by crimes of survival, with continued gender and race discrimination in prison (du Preez, 2006; Van Hout and Chimbga, 2020; Parry, 2020; Lauwereys, 2021). Many academic critiques of the South African penal system and rights-based commentaries on prisoner human rights since 1994 either ignore women in their entirety, or simply refer to women in the sense of separation of sexes (Bukurura, 2002; de Vos, 2005; Muntingh, 2006).…”

An analysis of sustainable supply chain management practices within the eThekwini Municipality as a future smart city.

“…Small businesses and the jobs they create are encouraged by government policy. Procedures that obstruct the process of supply chain management practices become difficult for officials to interpret and implement when change is required (Van Niekerk, 2020).…”

“…Both the Constitution's Section 217( 2) and the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act (PPPFA) allow for the use of public procurement as a tool for development and transformation. An effective SCM system must also aim to ensure that goods and services are available at the best possible price, in the best possible quality, at the right time, and in the right place (Van Niekerk, 2020).…”