“…Five studies were identified in our review that examined SES (Abello et al, 2016; Freeman et al, 2011; Gray & Hackling, 2009; Ramsey et al, 2011; Rodwell et al, 2018). SES was variously measured as: parent education (Rodwell et al, 2018); household wealth (indexed by a range of components such as student has own room, housing price and crowding (Abello et al, 2016)); income of parents (Freeman et al, 2011; Robinson & Smyth, 2016); living in a household with food insecurity (Ramsey et al, 2011); “severe home and welfare problems” (Gray & Hackling, 2009); and a composite of parental income, employment and education (Abello et al, 2016). SES was associated with an increased risk of disengagement, measured as social exclusion (Abello et al, 2016), illicit drug use (Freeman et al, 2011), withdrawing from secondary education (Gray & Hackling, 2009), missing days from school or activities due to illness (Ramsey et al, 2011).…”