Sensory profiles in adults with and without ADHD

Kamath, Manjeshwar Sahana; Dahm, Crystal R.; Tucker, Jacqueline; Huang-Pollock, Cynthia L.; Etter, Nicole M.; Neely, Kristina A.

doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103696

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…in Brown et al (2003). For Low Registration, the mean score of 27.7 (SD = 8.4) is comparable to the scores from both earlier studies (28.14 ± SD = 4.48, Kamath et al, 2020; 31.1 ± SD = 4.9, Brown et al, 2003).…”

Section: General Performance Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…AQ scores were within the expected range for a sample containing predominantly individuals without an ASC diagnosis, reaching a mean total AQ score of 14.0 (SD = 8.9) which is within the reported range for non-clinical populations (range: 11.9 -17.6; CI = 13.0 -17.1, Table 2 from a meta-analysis by Ruzich et al, 2015). Sensory Profile scores in the current sample were comparable to scores from earlier representative studies using the Adult Sensory Profile in the general population (Kamath et al, 2020;Brown et al, 2003). For Sensory Sensitivity, the mean score of 32.1 (SD = 9.9) is similar to the mean score in Kamath et al, 2020 (30.77 ± SD = 6.29) and slightly below one SD from the mean score (38.0 ± SD = 5.4)…”

Section: General Performance Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Sensory Profile scores in the current sample were comparable to scores from earlier representative studies using the Adult Sensory Profile in the general population (Kamath et al, 2020;Brown et al, 2003). For Sensory Sensitivity, the mean score of 32.1 (SD = 9.9) is similar to the mean score in Kamath et al, 2020 (30.77 ± SD = 6.29) and slightly below one SD from the mean score (38.0 ± SD = 5.4)…”

Section: General Performance Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Perceptual processing links autism and synesthesia: a twin study

van Leeuwen,

Wilsson,

Norrman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. Synesthesia occurs more commonly in individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) and is associated with autistic traits and autism-related perceptual processing characteristics, including a more detail-focused attentional style and altered sensory sensitivity. Furthermore, autistic traits and autism-like sensory sensitivity show a synesthesia-dosage effect, since they increase with the amount of synesthesia types in synesthetes and with the degree of synesthesia (how consistently colors are associated with graphemes) in non-synesthetes.Methods. Here we investigated a predominantly non-synesthetic twin sample, enriched for ASC and other neurodevelopmental disorders (n=65, 14-34 years, 60% female). We modelled the linear relationships between the degree of synesthesia and autistic traits, sensory sensitivity, and visual perception, both within-twin pairs (22 pairs) where all factors shared by twins are implicitly controlled (including 50-100% genetics), and across the entire cohort.Results. Our results indicate that the degree of synesthesia is associated with autistic traits only within the attention to details domain and with sensory hyper-, but not hypo-sensitivity. These associations were stronger within-twin pairs compared to across the sample. Further, twins with a higher degree of synesthesia were better than their co-twins in identifying fragmented images in the Fragmented Pictures Test (FPT).Conclusions. This study is the first twin study on the association between synesthesia and autism-related perceptual and clinical features, and the results suggest that a twin design can be more sensitive for detecting these associations. Consistent with previous findings, the results support an association between the degree of synesthesia and autism-related perceptual features, while utilizing a different self-report measure for sensory sensitivity. The novel finding of enhanced feature integration in the FPT in twins with a higher degree of synesthesia challenges the view of a generally more detail-focused attentional style in synesthesia and might be related to enhanced memory or mental imagery in more synesthetic individuals.

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Section: General Performance Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: General Performance Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: General Performance Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 75%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perceptual processing links autism and synesthesia: a twin study

van Leeuwen,

Wilsson,

Norrman

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The later N1 latency (mean) and the weaker rhythmic improvisation performance of adolescents with dyslexia not only could be understood as a perceptual impairment, but also as a deficit in sensorimotor motor translations, which makes individuals insensitive to accurately reproducing musical input. Hence, it is crucial to consider that sensory processing influences efficiency in motor output [ 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases German Modification [ 73 ], two subtypes (namely ADHD and ADD) are distinguished. Patients affected by AD(H)D show broad deficits including motor deficits, sensorimotor integration impairments, perceptual timing deficits, temporal foresight and rhythm-related deficits such as the poor differentiation of temporal auditory parameters and the desynchronization of temporal patterns [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Moreover, difficulties in hearing and understanding oral instructions [ 83 ] and a lack of the ability to move to a beat and detect deviations from a beat [ 84 ] can be found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musical Performance in Adolescents with ADHD, ADD and Dyslexia—Behavioral and Neurophysiological Aspects

et al. 2022

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Research has shown that dyslexia and attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (AD(H)D) are characterized by specific neuroanatomical and neurofunctional differences in the auditory cortex. These neurofunctional characteristics in children with ADHD, ADD and dyslexia are linked to distinct differences in music perception. Group-specific differences in the musical performance of patients with ADHD, ADD and dyslexia have not been investigated in detail so far. We investigated the musical performance and neurophysiological correlates of 21 adolescents with dyslexia, 19 with ADHD, 28 with ADD and 28 age-matched, unaffected controls using a music performance assessment scale and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Musical experts independently assessed pitch and rhythmic accuracy, intonation, improvisation skills and musical expression. Compared to dyslexic adolescents, controls as well as adolescents with ADHD and ADD performed better in rhythmic reproduction, rhythmic improvisation and musical expression. Controls were significantly better in rhythmic reproduction than adolescents with ADD and scored higher in rhythmic and pitch improvisation than adolescents with ADHD. Adolescents with ADD and controls scored better in pitch reproduction than dyslexic adolescents. In pitch improvisation, the ADD group performed better than the ADHD group, and controls scored better than dyslexic adolescents. Discriminant analysis revealed that rhythmic improvisation and musical expression discriminate the dyslexic group from controls and adolescents with ADHD and ADD. A second discriminant analysis based on MEG variables showed that absolute P1 latency asynchrony |R-L| distinguishes the control group from the disorder groups best, while P1 and N1 latencies averaged across hemispheres separate the control, ADD and ADHD groups from the dyslexic group. Furthermore, rhythmic improvisation was negatively correlated with auditory-evoked P1 and N1 latencies, pointing in the following direction: the earlier the P1 and N1 latencies (mean), the better the rhythmic improvisation. These findings provide novel insight into the differences between music processing and performance in adolescents with and without neurodevelopmental disorders. A better understanding of these differences may help to develop tailored preventions or therapeutic interventions.

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Nonlinear age effects in tactile processing from early childhood to adulthood

et al. 2022

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Background: Tactile processing plays a pivotal role in the early stages of human development; however, little is known about tactile function in young children. An understanding of how tactile processing changes with age from early childhood to adulthood is fundamental in understanding altered tactile experiences in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 142 children and adults aged 3-23 years completed a vibrotactile testing battery consisting of 5 tasks, which rely on different cortical and cognitive mechanisms. The battery was designed to be suitable for testing in young children to investigate how tactile processing changes from early childhood to adulthood. Results:Our results suggest a pattern of rapid, age-related changes in tactile processing toward lower discrimination thresholds (lower discrimination thresholds = greater sensitivity) across early childhood, though we acknowledge limitations with cross-sectional data. Differences in the rate of change across tasks were observed, with tactile performance reaching adult-like levels at a younger age on some tasks compared to others. Conclusions:While it is known that early childhood is a period of profound development including tactile processing, our data provides evidence for subtle differences in the developmental rate of the various underlying cortical, physical, and cognitiveThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Sensory profiles in adults with and without ADHD

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Perceptual processing links autism and synesthesia: a twin study

Perceptual processing links autism and synesthesia: a twin study

Musical Performance in Adolescents with ADHD, ADD and Dyslexia—Behavioral and Neurophysiological Aspects

Nonlinear age effects in tactile processing from early childhood to adulthood

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