Sensory functioning and personality development among older adults.

Stéphan, Yannick; Sutin, Angelina R.; Bosselut, Grégoire; Terracciano, Antonio

doi:10.1037/pag0000159

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The largest predictor—self-reported health—is also intimately tied with changes in psychological characteristics (Takahashi et al., 2013; Wagner et al., 2016). Specifically, one perspective is that physical and sensory limitations lead to lifestyle changes and declines in energy, which may alter personality traits over time (Jokela et al., 2014; Stephan et al., 2016, 2017). The same may be true for character strengths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and experiential predictors of character development across the deployment cycle

et al. 2021

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How soldiers adapt to and change in response to the deployment experience has received a great deal of attention. What predicts which soldiers are resilient and which soldiers decline in character strengths across the deployment transition? We examined this question in two analyses drawing from the same data source of soldiers deploying for the first time (Analysis 1: N = 179,026; Analysis 2: N = 85,285; Mage = 24.6–24.7 years old, SD = 4.87; 66.5–66.9% White). Specifically, we examined how individual (e.g. sociodemographic, military) and deployment (e.g. stressful experiences) characteristics predict character development across the deployment cycle. Character strengths were assessed once before and up to three times after soldiers’ return from deployment. Reproducing previous work, we found evidence for two classes of change—a resilient class (“stable high”) and a recovery class (“persistent low”). The strongest predictor of high, resilient character strength levels was better self-rated health at baseline. The findings are discussed in the context of the mechanisms that drive character development, evidence for post-traumatic growth, and practical implications for the U.S. Army.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and experiential predictors of character development across the deployment cycle

et al. 2021

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“…Empirical tests of these conceptual considerations are rare. Using data from the Swedish OCTO study of people aged 80 and older, Berg and Johansson (2014) found little support for associations between visual acuity and late-life personality development, while Stephan, Sutin, Bosselut, and Terracciano (2017) reported that poor vision was indeed associated with steeper declines in extraversion and stronger increases in neuroticism. However, both of these studies were based on self-rated vision, leaving it an open question whether objectively assessed visual ability predicts late-life patterns of personality stability and change.…”

Section: Personality As An Antecedent and Buffer Of Late-life Functio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of personality and functional health in old and very old age: Dynamic within-person interrelations across up to 13 years.

Mueller

Wagner

Smith

et al. 2018

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Conceptual and empirical work has long suggested that personality and health are closely intertwined later in life. Little is known, however, about the nature and direction of time-ordered associations between the 2 domains within-persons. We applied continuous time auto- and cross-effects models to up to 6 waves of 13-year longitudinal data from the Berlin Aging Study (N = 516, M = 84.92, SD = 8.66, age range 70 to 103) and examined time-ordered relations between personality traits (i.e., extraversion and neuroticism) and performance-based indicators of functional health (i.e., physical and sensory functioning) in late life. Consistent with proposals to distinguish the young-old (age 70 to 84) from the oldest-old (aged 85+) in later life, results suggest that predictive effects of neuroticism on functional health are stronger in younger as compared with older individuals. In contrast, health decrements precede and predict change in neuroticism in the oldest-old more strongly as compared with the young-old. In addition, we found that decreases in extraversion predict subsequent decreases in functional health and vice versa, with effects being equally pronounced among younger and older participants. Furthermore, by employing continuous time models we could demonstrate that the magnitude of these effects varies depending upon the time interval under consideration. These findings suggest that personality and functional health are closely intertwined in old and very old age, and that the nature of time-ordered associations differs between traits and age period. We discuss conceptual and practical implications. (PsycINFO Database Record

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“…It has previously been observed that reduced hearing capacity has a significant impact on the quality of life of the concerned persons [ 3 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Furthermore, uncorrected reduced hearing also influences all other persons who want to communicate with the impaired persons [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Age and Hearing Impairment on Work Performance during Long Working Hours

Wagner-Hartl

Grossi

Kallus

2018

IJERPH

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Based on demographic prognoses, it must be assumed that a greater number of older workers will be found in the future labor market. How to deal with their possible age-related impairments of sensory functions, like hearing impairment and work performance during extended working time, has not been addressed explicitly until now. The study addresses this interplay. The study was performed on two consecutive days after normal working hours. The 55 participants had to “work” in the study at least three additional hours to simulate a situation of long working hours. The tested measures for (job) performance were: general attention, long-term selective attention, concentration, and reaction time. All of the investigated variables were taken at both days of the study (2 × 2 × 2 repeated measurement design). The results show effects for age, the interaction of hearing impairment and time of measurement, and effects of the measurement time. Older participants reacted slower than younger participants did. Furthermore, younger participants reacted more frequently in a correct way. Hearing impairment seems to have a negative impact especially on measures of false reactions, and therefore especially on measurement time 1. The results can be interpreted in a way that hearing-impaired participants are able to compensate their deficits over time.

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Sensory functioning and personality development among older adults.

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Individual and experiential predictors of character development across the deployment cycle

Individual and experiential predictors of character development across the deployment cycle

The interplay of personality and functional health in old and very old age: Dynamic within-person interrelations across up to 13 years.

Impact of Age and Hearing Impairment on Work Performance during Long Working Hours

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