Sensors and imaging techniques for the assessment of the delay of wheat senescence induced by fungicides

Abstract

Near-range and remote sensing techniques are excellent alternatives to destructive methods for measuring beneficial effects of fungicides on plant physiology. Different noninvasive sensors and imaging techniques have been used and compared to measure the effects of three fungicidal compounds (bixafen, fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) physiology under disease-free conditions in the greenhouse. Depending on the fungicidal treatment, changes in green leaf area and yield parameters were observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves was useful for measuring differences in the effective quantum yield of PSII. Reflectance measurements of wheat leaves were highly sensitive to changes in plant vitality. The spectral vegetation indices were useful for determining the differences among treatments in terms of leaf senescence, pigments and water content. The analysis of ear and leaf surface temperature was reliable for detecting effects of fungicides on plant senescence. Using nondestructive sensors, it was possible to assess a delay in senescence of wheat due to fungicide application. Furthermore, it was deduced that sensors and imaging methods are useful tools to estimate the effects of fungicides on wheat physiology. Physiological parameters measured by the sensors were actually more sensitive than yield parameters to assess the effect caused by fungicide application on wheat physiology.

Mitochondrial complex II of plants: subunit composition, assembly, and function in respiration and signaling

“…As a result of the sequence divergence of SDH3 and SDH4 (Figure ) at the UQ site, this has been a valuable source of inhibitors that differentially target fungal metabolism, but it is expected that SDHIs also interact with plant SDH, albeit with lower affinity. The application of the SDHI bixafen has great efficacy against many cereal pathogens, but also improved yield formation by delaying senescence with increased transpiration rate in Triticum aestivum (wheat; Berdugo et al ., , ). By contrast, foliar application of another SDHI, fluxapyroxad, was found to reduce the leaf transpiration rate, resulting in a higher water use efficiency in both glasshouse‐ and field‐grown wheat (Smith et al ., ).…”

Fusion of sensor data for the detection and differentiation of plant diseases in cucumber

“…Different optical sensor methods are connected to specific biophysical or biochemical processes of plants (Mahlein et al ., ). Digital infrared (IR) thermography is a non‐contact measuring technique that enables the recording of differences in plant surface temperature caused by biotic and abiotic stresses (Lindenthal et al ., ; Berdugo et al ., ). Similar to abiotic stress factors, fungal pathogens or viruses may affect stomatal regulation and therefore the leaf temperature (Chaerle & Van Der Straeten, ).…”

Surface feature based classification of plant organs from 3D laserscanned point clouds for plant phenotyping

“…This will improve the modeling of plants [7,30] which in turn can be used to improve the classification due to knowledge of the structure rules of a plant and its organs. The proposed method provides outstanding potential to be implemented in a sensor fusion approach for plant phenotyping or screening processes with optical devices [4,31]. Future research will concentrate on linking 3D-laserscans with imaging sensor data such as hyperspectral imaging or thermography to improve the accuracy in observing the impact of abiotic or biotic factors on plant physiology and on the plant phenotype.…”