Sensor Node Grouping for Energy Efficient Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

The sensors that consist of a wireless sensor network are massively deployed and operate in unattended environments and harsh natural conditions with restricted battery power supply. It is important to extend the life of the sensors that make up the wireless sensor network. Data is gathered by sensor nodes within a cluster group and forwarded to the cluster's head (CH) node. However, transmission of packets among sensor nodes as well as CH nodes may not succeed if a cluster group is big and the distance from each other to the CH is great. Communication connection failure results in a lot of power loss due to continuous connection attempts. In this paper, a group of clusters of a suitable size is formed on a two-dimensional plane so that the distance between the sensor node and the CH node is not more than an appropriate range, so that cluster uniformity is possible. By communicating with the closest sensor node, sensor nodes were linked to create member nodes in order to guarantee cluster size homogeneity. Adjacent nodes were then grouped together to form clusters. By allowing only the closest sensor nodes that are within the mutual attraction range to be included as cluster members, adjacent sensor nodes that are out of the attraction range will form a new cluster. Based on the formed clusters, we applied multi-hop routing techniques to extend the battery power lifespan of the sensors. In this research, we examined the sensor nodes' power consumption for a one-hop clustering strategy based on a single unit of distance using the suggested cluster uniformity algorithm. Simulation results demonstrated the cluster equalization improvement rate. A network homogeneity improvement of around 20% was attained as a result of cluster homogenization.