Sensor based 3D conformal cueing for safe and reliable HC operation specifically for landing in DVE

Münsterer, Thomas; Kress, Martin; Klasen, Stephanus

doi:10.1117/12.2015753

“…3D symbology is generally used in conjunction with 2D symbology to provide an idea of both the operating environment and information of the helicopter's control, performance and navigation. There have been numerous previously developed 3D cueing symbologies, as [8,43].…”

Section: D Symbologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of Cueing Symbology for Rotorcraft Operations in Degraded Visual Environment (DVE)

Chittaluri¹

2022

Preprint

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) is experienced when helicopters enter Inadvertent Instrument Meteorological Conditions (I-IMC). DVE can occur in the form of fog, night flight occurring naturally or when pilots try to land in unprepared (dusty, snowy) landing zones causing brownouts and whiteouts from rotor downwash. The Degraded Visual Environment Navigation Support (DVENS) project aimed to use a LiDAR to scan a specified Field of View (FOV) and range to identify a zone to be safe or unsafe for landing in a simulation capacity. A Head Down Display (HDD) with touch capabilities was used to provide Virtual Visual Meteorological Conditions (V-VMC), in which 3D conformal, 2D orthographic symbology is displayed. For the iterative design of the symbology, to diagnose and minimize pilot error in DVE the Taxonomic Framework for Aircrew Error evaluation is used. The framework allowed for a more direct design approach with clear objectives based on operational requirements and presenting an optimal workload for pilots. Maintaining the objective of showing the required information to the pilots while minimizing clutter is imperative as too much information can increase workload. Thus, the aircrew error Taxonomic framework helps identify the design goals required to neutralize pilot error leading to an efficient design. The Ryerson Mixed Immersive Motion Simulation (MIMS) lab’s Fixed Base Simulator (FBS) and CAE, Presagis’s HELI CRAFT were used as the simulation testing tools. Non-intrusive questionnaires such as NASA Task Load Index (TLX), Bedford and Cooper-Harper display rating scales were used to provide feedback and evaluate the display system. Multiple scales were used for validation of results and to measure the workload, stress, physical, psychological and time loads. This methodology and design were found to be extremely helpful in assisting pilots to land, take off in DVE and IIMC conditions.

show abstract

“…3D symbology is generally used in conjunction with 2D symbology to provide an idea of both the operating environment and information of the helicopter's control, performance and navigation. There have been numerous previously developed 3D cueing symbologies, as [8,43].…”

Section: D Symbologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of Cueing Symbology for Rotorcraft Operations in Degraded Visual Environment (DVE)

Chittaluri¹

2022

Preprint

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) is experienced when helicopters enter Inadvertent Instrument Meteorological Conditions (I-IMC). DVE can occur in the form of fog, night flight occurring naturally or when pilots try to land in unprepared (dusty, snowy) landing zones causing brownouts and whiteouts from rotor downwash. The Degraded Visual Environment Navigation Support (DVENS) project aimed to use a LiDAR to scan a specified Field of View (FOV) and range to identify a zone to be safe or unsafe for landing in a simulation capacity. A Head Down Display (HDD) with touch capabilities was used to provide Virtual Visual Meteorological Conditions (V-VMC), in which 3D conformal, 2D orthographic symbology is displayed. For the iterative design of the symbology, to diagnose and minimize pilot error in DVE the Taxonomic Framework for Aircrew Error evaluation is used. The framework allowed for a more direct design approach with clear objectives based on operational requirements and presenting an optimal workload for pilots. Maintaining the objective of showing the required information to the pilots while minimizing clutter is imperative as too much information can increase workload. Thus, the aircrew error Taxonomic framework helps identify the design goals required to neutralize pilot error leading to an efficient design. The Ryerson Mixed Immersive Motion Simulation (MIMS) lab’s Fixed Base Simulator (FBS) and CAE, Presagis’s HELI CRAFT were used as the simulation testing tools. Non-intrusive questionnaires such as NASA Task Load Index (TLX), Bedford and Cooper-Harper display rating scales were used to provide feedback and evaluate the display system. Multiple scales were used for validation of results and to measure the workload, stress, physical, psychological and time loads. This methodology and design were found to be extremely helpful in assisting pilots to land, take off in DVE and IIMC conditions.

show abstract

“…Special flight situations, like landing, require different cueing. In the case of landing in DVE a special landing symbology with a high resolution terrain grid and synthetic cues was developed [11] . This symbology is shown in figure 2.…”

Section: Display Of Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Display of real-time 3D sensor data in a DVE system

Völschow

¹

,

Münsterer

²

,

Strobel

³

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes the implementation of displaying real-time processed LiDAR 3D data in a DVE pilot assistance system. The goal is to display to the pilot a comprehensive image of the surrounding world without misleading or cluttering information. 3D data which can be attributed, i.e. classified, to terrain or predefined obstacle classes is depicted differently from data belonging to elevated objects which could not be classified. Display techniques may be different for head-down and head-up displays to avoid cluttering of the outside view in the latter case. While terrain is shown as shaded surfaces with grid structures or as grid structures alone, respectively, classified obstacles are typically displayed with obstacle symbols only. Data from objects elevated above ground are displayed as shaded 3D points in space. In addition the displayed 3D points are accumulated over a certain time frame allowing on the one hand side a cohesive structure being displayed and on the other hand displaying moving objects correctly. In addition color coding or texturing can be applied based on known terrain features like land use.

show abstract

Sensor based 3D conformal cueing for safe and reliable HC operation specifically for landing in DVE

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Development and Evaluation of Cueing Symbology for Rotorcraft Operations in Degraded Visual Environment (DVE)

Development and Evaluation of Cueing Symbology for Rotorcraft Operations in Degraded Visual Environment (DVE)

Development and Evaluation of Cueing Symbology for Rotorcraft Operations in Degraded Visual Environment (DVE)

Display of real-time 3D sensor data in a DVE system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About