Sensor application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)

Akbari, Elnaz; Buntat, Zolkafle; Nikoukar, AliAkbar; Kheirandish, Azadeh; Khaledian, Mohsen; Afroozeh, Abdolkarim

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.001

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Technological differences between the DOE specifications and the current technology are: (i) cheap and robust membranes, for example, polyfuel-produced hydrocarbon membranes (5000 h lifetime in passive DMFCs); (ii) low platinum anode catalysts or high-performance non-platinum (<0.2 mg cm −2 ); (iii) high-performance non-platinum cathode catalysts with low metal load (0.2-0.5 mg cm −2 ), such as palladium alloys; (iv) more oxidation-resistant non-carbon cathode supports, for example, porous titanium. Currently, direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technologies are under an evolvement process and are considered to be employed to replace or complement the Li-ion batteries in a variety of applications, for example, military uses, portable electronics, also small power range automotives such as forklifts, materials handling vehicles (MHVs) and scooters [23,40].…”

Section: Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (Dmfcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on Fuel Cell Technology: A Brief Review

et al. 2020

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Energy storage and conversion is a very important link between the steps of energy production and energy consumption. Traditional fossil fuels are a natural and unsustainable energy storage medium with limited reserves and notorious pollution problems, therefore demanding a better choice to store and utilize the green and renewable energies in the future. Energy and environmental problems require a clean and efficient way of using the fuels. Fuel cell functions to efficiently convert oxidant and chemical energy accumulated in the fuel directly into DC electric, with the by-products of heat and water. Fuel cells, which are known as effective electrochemical converters, and electricity generation technology has gained attention due to the need for clean energy, the limitation of fossil fuel resources and the capability of a fuel cell to generate electricity without involving any moving mechanical part. The fuel cell technologies that received high interest for commercialization are polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The optimum efficiency for the fuel cell is not bound by the principle of Carnot cycle compared to other traditional power machines that are generally based on thermal cycles such as gas turbines, steam turbines and internal combustion engines. However, the fuel cell applications have been restrained by the high cost needed to commercialize them. Researchers currently focus on the discovery of different materials and manufacturing methods to enhance fuel cell performance and simplify components of fuel cells. Fuel cell systems’ designs are utilized to reduce the costs of the membrane and improve cell efficiency, durability and reliability, allowing them to compete with the traditional combustion engine. In this review, we primarily analyze recent developments in fuel cells technologies and up-to-date modeling for PEMFCs, SOFCs and DMFCs.

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Section: Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (Dmfcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on Fuel Cell Technology: A Brief Review

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, it possesses high-energy conversion effectiveness as well as low discharges [1][2][3]. The exhaustion of fossil fuels has also caused researchers to consider fuel cells [1]. The exhaustion of fossil fuels has also caused researchers to consider fuel cells [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fuel cell is a device that is able to directly transform chemical energy into electrical energy, as shown in Figure 1. Additionally, it possesses high-energy conversion effectiveness as well as low discharges [1][2][3]. Today, fuel cells are appealing because there is a steady growth in global energy demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of using carbon nanotubes in fuel cells: a review

Akbari

Buntat

2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary A carbon nanotube (CNT) is a nanoscale cylindrical tube formed from a single atomic layer of carbon atoms. CNTs are known to possess several unique characteristics, including high thermal and electrical conductivity, superior mechanical strength and chemical stability, as well as a high surface area. These characteristics, in addition to the fundamental advantages of being a carbon material, cause CNTs to be a favorable candidate for fuel cell applications. In this current assessment, past findings in relation to CNTs are summarized. Additionally, future prospects for microscopic study of CNTs are also presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Nanostructured carbon materials [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], including carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon and graphene, have already been commonly used as supports to minimize the use of precious metals. However, sp 2 -bonded carbon is susceptible to corrosion and microstructural degradation during anodic polarization, leading to a loss of activity or even electrode failure [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Zirconia-Coated Nanodiamonds as a Pt Catalyst Support for Methanol Electro-Oxidation

Zang

Wang

et al. 2016

Nanomaterials

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Zirconia-coated nanodiamond (ZrO2/ND) electrode material was successfully prepared by one-step isothermal hydrolyzing from ND-dispersed ZrOCl2·8H2O aqueous solution. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that a highly conformal and uniform ZrO2 shell was deposited on NDs by this simple method. The coating obtained at 90 °C without further calcination was mainly composed of monoclinic nanocrystalline ZrO2 rather than common amorphous Zr(OH)4 clusters. The ZrO2/NDs and pristine ND powder were decorated with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles by electrodeposition from 5 mM chloroplatinic acid solution. The electrochemical studies indicate that Pt/ZrO2/ND catalysts have higher electrocatalytic activity and better stability for methanol oxidation than Pt/ND catalysts in acid.

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Sensor application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)

Cited by 25 publications

References 82 publications

New Perspectives on Fuel Cell Technology: A Brief Review

New Perspectives on Fuel Cell Technology: A Brief Review

Benefits of using carbon nanotubes in fuel cells: a review

Preparation and Characterization of Zirconia-Coated Nanodiamonds as a Pt Catalyst Support for Methanol Electro-Oxidation

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