Sensitization and deactivation effects to Er3+ at ∼2.7 μm mid-infrared emission by Nd3+ ions in Gd0.1Y0.9AlO3 crystal

Optimal Doping Concentrations of Nd3+ Ions in CYGA Laser Crystals

“…Crystals doped with rare earth ions and exhibiting a combination of active (laser) and nonlinear properties ("active-nonlinear" crystals) have been investigated intensively during the last decade [7][8][9][10]. Earlier studies show Nd 3+ concentrations greater than 1 at.% result in self-quenching in the fluorescence lifetime, a reduction in fluorescence intensity, and steep increment in threshold [11][12][13][14][15][16]. When increasing the active impurity concentration of laser crystals to search for high efficiency fluorescence emission, several processes such as concentration quenching of the luminescence and cross-relaxation of the active impurity Crystals 2024, 14, 168 2 of 11 may arise.…”

Co-doping of Ho–Yb ion pairs modulating the up-conversion luminescence properties of fluoride phosphors under 1550 nm excitation

“…Up-conversion luminescence is an anti-Stokes process that converts invisible infrared light into visible light, making it valuable for various applications such as infrared detection, 1,2 stereo imaging, [3][4][5][6] biomedicine, etc. [7][8][9] The current research on up-conversion in the near-infrared band has primarily focused on the 808 nm and 980 nm bands, [10][11][12] while relatively little research has been focused on the 1550 nm band. This is primarily because Nd 3+ and Yb 3+ ions can be used as sensitizer ions in the 808 nm and 980 nm bands, respectively, to enhance the up-conversion luminescence of the samples.…”

The Growth and Spectroscopic Properties of Er, Nd: YSGG Single Crystal Fibers

“…In addition, Nd 3+ can facilitate inducing population inversion to achieved mid-infrared emission. The growth of Er, Nd: YSGG single crystal fibers will benefit the optimization of the Er laser [22,23]. With the development of crystal growth methods, various functional crystal materials are grown to apply to different applications.…”