Sensitivity to House Dust Mites Allergens with Atopic Asthma and Its Relationship with CD14 C(-159T) Polymorphism in Patients of West Bengal, India

Abstract

India is the home to around 15-20 million asthmatics, and asthma prevalence is increasing in Indian metropolitan area, including Kolkata, West Bengal. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors are involved in asthma. Genome-wide search for susceptible loci regulating IgE response (atopy) have identified a candidate gene CD14 which is most important in the context of allergic responses of respiratory system. This study was aimed to investigate the role of house dust and house dust mites in development of bronchial asthma and to explore the possible association of candidate gene CD14 with disease manifestation among Kolkata patient population. Skin-prick test was done among 950 asthmatic patients against 8 aeroallergens, including house dust and house dust mites and total serum IgE and allergen-specific IgE were measured. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was done in patients and nonasthmatic control (n = 255 in each) to characterize a functional polymorphism, C(-159)T, of CD14, a positional candidate gene for allergy. We identified house dust as the most common aeroallergen sensitizer among atopic patients in Kolkata followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) mites. Patient's sera contain significantly higher IgE level than that of control. Allergen-specific IgE antibody test revealed that 76.36% patients had specific IgE antibody against D. pteronyssinus mite. There was a significant difference in the distribution of alleles and genotypes for CD14 polymorphism with an increase in disease severity. So, in Kolkata, house dust mite is a common aeroallergen and D. pteronyssinus is predominant among mites. The present study revealed that bronchial asthma has a genetic background.

Sensitization to Common Aeroallergens in the Atopic Population of West Bengal, India: An Investigation by Skin Prick Test

“…In our study, we found people who reside in damp houses (whether new or old) were more prone to allergen sensitization. Most of the patients suffered from perennial symptoms over a seasonal pattern that is similar to previous studies [24]. The seasonal pattern of the atopic attacks showed that most of the patients suffered in the dry winter and humid summer.…”

“…The seasonal pattern of the atopic attacks showed that most of the patients suffered in the dry winter and humid summer. In most cases, a perennial pattern was contributed by the inhalation of house dust mite allergens whereas seasonal allergies were caused by molds and pollens [24]. Exposure to the dominant allergens in the air is proved to be associated with increased sensitization in the patients.…”

Pattern recognition receptor CD14 gene polymorphisms in alcohol use disorder patients and its Influence on liver disease susceptibility

“…The recent study from the eastern part (Odisha state) of India in all female subjects has shown an association of rs2569190 (C/T) SNP to increased predisposition to lupus (SLE) and the T-allele frequency was 0.46 for healthy control and 0.58 for SLE cases ( 37 ). The MAF (T allele) in other Indian studies are: West Bengal ( 38 ), 0.53, control vs. 0.49, Asthma case; Chennai ( 39 ), 0.43 in Control vs. 0.54 in Chronic periodontitis case; Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh ( 40 ), 0.41 in Control vs. 0.53 in Ulcerative Colitis case; Chandigarh ( 41 ), 0.5 in Control vs. 0.64 in NAFLD case; and Lucknow, UP ( 42 ), 0.65 in healthy Control vs. 0.54 in CAD cases. This is a clear indication of an increasing trend of minor T allele frequency from south-eastern to north-Indian population.…”

Indian Guidelines for Diagnosis of Respiratory Allergy

“…510 Symptoms caused by mite sensitization are usually respiratory in nature (sneezing, itching, watery eyes, wheezing, etc). 511 House dust mites constitute an important source of indoor allergens. [510][511][512] Approximately 1% to 2% of the general population worldwide has allergic sensitization towards HDMs which varies between 20% to 80%.…”