Sensitivity to eye gaze in prosopagnosic patients and monkeys with superior temporal sulcus ablation

Campbell, Ruth; Heywood, Charles A.; Cowey, Alan; Regard, Marianne; Landis, Théodor

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(90)90050-x

Cited by 237 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All pictures were full-faced portraits of 10 models having brown eyes. This eye color is known to be well detected by the visual system because of the contrast between iris and sclera (Campbell et al, 1990;Anstis et al, 1969). Models were 5 females and 5 males, aged from 20 to 30 years.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies have revealed that the superior temporal sulcus is implied in gaze determination (Perrett et al, 1988;Campbell et al, 1990;Wicker et al, 1998). Anomalies of the superior temporal region have been identi®ed in schizophrenia (Gur and Pearlson, 1993;McCarley et al, 1993;Zipursky et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gaze direction determination in schizophrenia

Franck

Montoute

Labruyère

et al. 2002

Schizophrenia Research

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Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze direction determination in schizophrenia

Franck

Montoute

Labruyère

et al. 2002

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Abundant evidence suggests that the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is critical for gaze processing, including neurophysiological data in non-human primates (Campbell et al, 1990;Hasselmo et al, 1989;Perrett et al, 1992Perrett et al, , 1985, lesion studies (Akiyama et al, 2006;Campbell et al, 1990), and neuroimaging experiments (Conty et al, 2007;Hoffman and Haxby, 2000;Pelphrey et al, 2005Pelphrey et al, , 2003bPuce et al, 1998). The right pSTS has been shown to contain overlapping representations for perception of biological movement, moral judgment and theory of mind (Bahnemann et al, 2010) and appears to be particularly sensitive to goals and intentions conveyed by gaze in social (Bristow et al, 2007;Pelphrey et al, 2004b) and nonsocial (Mosconi et al, 2005;Pelphrey et al, 2004aPelphrey et al, , 2003b paradigms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing social aspects of human gaze: A combined fMRI-DTI study

2011

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Human gaze is a critical social cue that can reveal intentions and dispositions of others. The right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is thought to be critically involved in processing eye gaze information. We combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify direct neural connections of right pSTS and to determine how these connections are modulated by the social significance of perceived gaze shifts. Participants saw faces with direct or averted gaze during event-related fMRI. Half of these faces remained static, and half displayed a dynamic gaze shift either towards or away from the subject. Social attention (dynamic gaze shifts towards the observer) not only increased activity in right pSTS, but also its functional connectivity with the right anterior insula (aIns) and right fusiform gyrus (FG). However, direct fiber connections from pSTS were demonstrated by DTI for the right aIns, but not the right FG. Moreover, the right FG responded to eye motion irrespective of direction and social significance; whereas the right aIns was selectively sensitive to social significance (i.e. gaze shifts towards the observer), but not generally to eye motion. We conclude that the social aspects of mutual gaze contact are processed by direct fiber pathways between right pSTS and right aIns; whereas increased connectivity with FG could reflect an enhanced perceptual analysis of changing facial features in dynamic gaze conditions and involves indirect fiber pathways with pSTS, perhaps via motion-selective regions in middle temporal (MT) gyrus that exhibited strong white-matter connections with both pSTS and FG and could thus provide inputs to these two areas.

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“…Lesion and functional brain studies in humans and primates support the role of the fusiform gyrus in face processing (Allison et al 1994, Clark et al 1996, Kanwisher et al 1997. Gaze detection consistently involves areas of the superior temporal sulcus (Perrett et al 1992, Campbell et al 1999, Hoffman and Haxby 2000, Pelphrey et al 2004 and prefrontal lobe (Wicker et al 1998), that are already implicated in schizophrenia, based on volumetric and functional studies (McCarley et al 1993, Gur and Pearlson 1993, Zipursky et al 1994. Rosse et al (1994) reported that persons with schizophrenia, particularly those with paranoia, misidentified faces with averted gaze as making eye contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain activation during eye gaze discrimination in stable schizophrenia

Kohler

Loughead

Ruparel

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Objective-Earlier studies described gaze discrimination impairment in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to compare gaze discrimination abilities and associated brain activation in persons with stable schizophrenia and matched controls.Methods-13 schizophrenia and 12 healthy participants underwent a gaze discrimination task with face stimuli rotated at 0, 4 and 8° deviation. During fMRI with BOLD imaging, subjects were asked to identify whether a face was making eye contact. Subject-level parameter estimates for BOLD signal change were entered into an orientation by group mixed effect repeated measures ANOVA.Results-Gaze discrimination performance did not differ between groups. Patients showed decreased activation in areas of bilateral inferior frontal and occipital areas, and select temporo-limbic regions, including amygdala. Groups differed by activation patterns according to gaze deviation. In controls, faces with 4° deviation produced higher activation in frontal and temporal regions. In patients, 0° deviation produced increased activation in amygdala and areas of temporal neocortex.Conclusions-Despite similar gaze discrimination abilities, schizophrenia patients exhibit decreased brain activation in areas associated with executive, emotional and visual processing. Controls exhibited increased activation associated with the more difficult task in select frontal and temporal regions. Patients exhibited increased activation associated with direct gaze in temporal regions, which may relate to common symptoms.

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Sensitivity to eye gaze in prosopagnosic patients and monkeys with superior temporal sulcus ablation

Cited by 237 publications

References 19 publications

Gaze direction determination in schizophrenia

Gaze direction determination in schizophrenia

Processing social aspects of human gaze: A combined fMRI-DTI study

Brain activation during eye gaze discrimination in stable schizophrenia

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