Sensitivity of typhoon‐induced gravity waves to cumulus parameterizations

Kim, So Young; Chun, Hye‐Yeong; Baik, Jong Jin

doi:10.1029/2007gl030592

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although the present study used the Eulerian approach, we did not employ thresholds of vertical motion, all magnitudes were considered.Spatial fields of simulated flux at 875 hPa on 1800 UTC 14 September (Figure b) are closely related to the structure of Ingrid (Figure ). Figure a at 100 hPa shows conditions slightly above the tropopause (~16 km), where patterns show some relation to Ingrid's structure but also reveal the effects of gravity waves near the tropopause that are better seen in zoomed views (not shown; Chane Ming et al, ; Kim et al, , ; Kuester et al, ; Pfister et al, ). In summary, the WRF results reveal that upward net vertical flux of water vapor occurs at all model levels, including the UTLS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simulations of Vertical Water Vapor Transport for TC Ingrid (2013)

2018

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Vertical water vapor transport is examined for tropical cyclone (TC) Ingrid (2013), a Category 1 storm in the Gulf of Mexico that contained deep convection, including numerous overshooting tops. The study employs high-resolution numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a smallest grid spacing of 1.33 km and a model top of 10 hPa (~31 km) that extends into the lower stratosphere. Area-averaged values of vertical motion, water vapor content, its temporal change, and vertical water vapor transport are presented for Ingrid as a whole and for individual regions of the storm. Results show that area-averaged hydration in the layer~1-14.5 km between the start and end of the simulation (4.75 days) is due to upward convective transport. Observed overshooting convection is simulated, revealing intense vertical motions that transport large quantities of vapor and ice to the lower stratosphere. Greatest dehydration occurs in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere between 14.5 and 17.5 km. This layer is found to be supersaturated with respect to ice. This apparently caused water vapor to deposit on the convectively lofted ice, allowing it to then grow and sediment out of the layer, thus producing dehydration. Conversely, hydration occurred between 17.5 and 21 km due in part to that layer being subsaturated with respect to ice. Overall, the study highlights the important role TCs and their embedded overshooting convection play in transporting water vapor to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simulations of Vertical Water Vapor Transport for TC Ingrid (2013)

2018

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“…Since the timing of convection is so important for generating waves, the time differences between the NR and AIRS sampling most likely explain the differences in the summer hemisphere. The convective parametrization could also be important (Kim et al, 2007). Figure 3 shows the July average amplitudes near ∼35 km for AIRS and the NR.…”

Section: Comparison To Airsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of gravity waves and gravity wave sources in the Southern Hemisphere in a 7 km global climate simulation

Holt

Alexander

Coy

et al. 2017

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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In this study, gravity waves (GWs) in the high-resolution GEOS-5 Nature Run are first evaluated with respect to satellite and other model results. Southern Hemisphere winter sources of non-orographic GWs in the model are then investigated by linking measures of tropospheric non-orographic gravity wave generation tied to precipitation and frontogenesis with absolute gravity wave momentum flux in the lower stratosphere. Finally, non-orographic GW momentum flux is compared to orographic gravity wave momentum flux and compared to previous estimates. The results show that the global patterns in GW amplitude, horizontal wavelength, and propagation direction are realistic compared to observations. However, as in other global models, the amplitudes are weaker and horizontal wavelengths longer than observed. The global patterns in absolute GW momentum flux also agree well with previous model and observational estimates. The evaluation of model non-orographic GW sources in the Southern Hemisphere winter shows that strong intermittent precipitation (greater than 10 mm h) is associated with GW momentum flux over the South Pacific, whereas frontogenesis and less intermittent, lower precipitation rates (less than 10 mm h) are associated with GW momentum flux near 60°S. In the model, orographic GWs contribute almost exclusively to a peak in zonal mean momentum flux between 70 and 75°S, while non-orographic waves dominate at 60°S, and non-orographic GWs contribute a third to a peak in zonal mean momentum flux between 25 and 30°S.

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“…Among convective sources, Tropical Cyclones stand out as intense, organized events and have been specifically studied for their generation of GWs, both with observations [e.g., Sato , ; Dhaka et al , ] and with numerical simulations [ Kim et al , , ; Kuester et al , ; Kim and Chun , ]. As finer resolution has become available, numerical simulations have stressed the role of waves with shorter and shorter wavelengths: Kim et al [] simulated waves emitted by typhoon Rusa (2002) with a horizontal resolution of Δ x =27 km and found dominant wavelengths of 300–600 km, with periods of 6–11 h. Kuester et al [] simulated Hurricane Humberto (2001) with a resolution down to Δ x =3 km and found dominant wavelengths of 15–300 km, with periods 20–100 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity waves generated by deep tropical convection: Estimates from balloon observations and mesoscale simulations

2013

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[1] Convective gravity waves in the Tropics are studied by analyzing in situ measurements from long-duration stratospheric balloons launched during the PreConcordiasi campaign (2010) and mesoscale simulations. An improved temporal resolution of the observations as well as the balloon quasi-Lagrangian behavior allow an unprecedented investigation of the whole gravity wave spectrum. First, a case study of gravity waves generated by a developing cyclone, Tropical Storm Gelane (February 2010), is carried out using observations complemented by numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast model, with a resolution down to 1 km. Distributions of momentum fluxes obtained from both data show reasonable agreement and emphasize waves with short wavelengths (< 15 km) and short periods (< 20 min). Still, some differences are also found, which can likely be related to errors of the modeled background flow. Second, observations from the whole PreConcordiasi flights are analyzed with an emphasis on gravity wave momentum fluxes. Their phase speed distribution has a robust shape, with maximum fluxes with near-zero ground-based phase speeds. Yet, significant momentum fluxes are also found for larger values, yielding a mean phase speed of about 27 m s -1 . The momentum fluxes are concentrated in short episodes with intense values, and their intermittency is quantified using probability distribution functions and the Gini coefficient (0.5-0.6). The relative importance of convective and topographic sources are investigated, suggesting comparable intensities, but a greater occurrence frequency of convective events. Waves emitted by Tropical Storm Gelane do not stand out relative to other convective events.Citation: Jewtoukoff, V., R. Plougonven, and A. Hertzog (2013), Gravity waves generated by deep tropical convection: Estimates from balloon observations and mesoscale simulations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118,[9690][9691][9692][9693][9694][9695][9696][9697][9698][9699][9700][9701][9702][9703][9704][9705][9706][9707]

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Sensitivity of typhoon‐induced gravity waves to cumulus parameterizations

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Simulations of Vertical Water Vapor Transport for TC Ingrid (2013)

Simulations of Vertical Water Vapor Transport for TC Ingrid (2013)

An evaluation of gravity waves and gravity wave sources in the Southern Hemisphere in a 7 km global climate simulation

Gravity waves generated by deep tropical convection: Estimates from balloon observations and mesoscale simulations

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