Sensitivity of the ITCZ Location to Ocean Forcing Via Q‐Flux Green's Function Experiments

Harrop, Bryce E.; Lu, Jian; Liu, Fukai; Garuba, O. A.; Leung, L. Ruby

doi:10.1029/2018gl080772

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…2b, side panel). Specifically, the strong southward AHT near the equator gives rise to a northward shift of the zonal mean ITCZ, as expected from the energetics constraint on the position of the ITCZ [36][37][38] . Both the second linear and nonlinear modes (lNM2 and nNM2) capture the component of the interhemispheric thermal contrast; the corresponding TS, SLP, precipitation, sea ice concentration, and AHT patterns are illustrated in Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: The Linear and Nonlinear Responsementioning

confidence: 78%

Neutral modes of surface temperature and the optimal ocean thermal forcing for global cooling

Liu

Leung

et al. 2020

npj Clim Atmos Sci

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Inquiry into the climate response to external forcing perturbations has been the central interest of climate dynamics. But the understanding of two important aspects of climate change response-nonlinearity and regionality-is still lacking. Here a Green's function approach is developed to estimate the linear response functions (LRFs) for both the linear and quadratic nonlinear response to ocean thermal forcing in a climate model, whereby the most excitable temperature modes, aka the neutral modes, can be identified for the current Earth climate. The resultant leading mode of the nonlinear response is characterized by a polaramplified global cooling pattern, unveiling an intrinsic inclination of the modern climate towards cooling. Moreover, optimal forcing patterns are identified to most efficiently excite the corresponding neutral mode patterns. The forcing-response framework developed herein can be utilized to determine the optimal forcing patterns to inform solar geoengineering experiments and to interpret regional climate response and feedback in general.npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (2020) 3:9 ; https://doi.

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Section: The Linear and Nonlinear Responsementioning

confidence: 78%

Neutral modes of surface temperature and the optimal ocean thermal forcing for global cooling

Liu

Leung

et al. 2020

npj Clim Atmos Sci

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“…Some of these impacts are straightforward to understand. Positive tropical‐mean ACRE reduces the overall radiative cooling of the tropical atmosphere and thus the need for condensational heating and precipitation (Albern et al, 2018; Harrop, Lu, Liu, Garuba, & Leung, 2018). The increase in peak precipitation follows from moist static energy (MSE) arguments due to the ACRE heating of the ascent region (Albern et al, 2018; Neelin & Held, 1987).…”

Section: Cloud‐radiative Impact On the Mean Circulation Of The Present‐day Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precipitation P is given in units of mm day −1 and averaged over the tropics (between 30 deg N/S), the extratropics (poleward of 30 deg N/S) and the entire globe. The ITCZ latitude is calculated as the precipitation centroid between 20 deg N/S following Harrop et al (2018). The Hadley cell strength is measured as the maximum of the absolute of the mass stream function in units of 10 9 kg s −1 , with a positive change indicating a strengthening in both hemispheres.…”

Section: Cloud‐radiative Impact On the Mean Circulation Of The Present‐day Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Clouds, radiation, and atmospheric circulation in the present‐day climate and under climate change

Voigt

Albern

Ceppi

et al. 2020

WIREs Climate Change

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By interacting with radiation, clouds modulate the flow of energy through the Earth system, the circulation of the atmosphere, and regional climate. We review the impact of cloud‐radiation interactions for the atmospheric circulation in the present‐day climate, its internal variability and its response to climate change. After summarizing cloud‐controlling factors and cloud‐radiative effects, we clarify the scope and limits of the Clouds On‐Off Klimate Model Intercomparison Experiment (COOKIE) and cloud‐locking modeling methods. COOKIE showed that the presence of cloud‐radiative effects shapes the circulation in the present‐day climate in many important ways, including the width of the tropical rain belts and the position of the extratropical storm tracks. Cloud locking, in contrast, identified how clouds affect internal variability and the circulation response to global warming. This includes strong, but model‐dependent, shortwave and longwave cloud impacts on the El‐Nino Southern Oscillation, and the finding that most of the poleward circulation expansion in response to global warming can be attributed to radiative changes in clouds. We highlight the circulation impact of shortwave changes from low‐level clouds and longwave changes from rising high‐level clouds, and the contribution of these cloud changes to model differences in the circulation response to global warming. The review in particular draws attention to the role of cloud‐radiative heating within the atmosphere. We close by raising some open questions which, among others, concern the need for studying the cloud impact on regional scales and opportunities created by the next generation of global storm‐resolving models. This article is categorized under: Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models

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“…We calculate the TOA radiative feedbacks using the radiative kernel method introduced by Huang, et al 54 , which has been widely used in decomposition of radiative effects for climate change analysis [55][56][57][58][59][60][61] .…”

Section: Radiative Kernel Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparable sulfate climate impacts by consumption of developed and developing countries

Lin

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Regional consumption activities supported by domestic production and international trade have led to substantial amounts of aerosols worldwide, yet the resulting impacts on the global climate system remains unknown. Here we quantify for the first time the climate response to aerosols associated with consumption by developing and developed countries, by integrating a most current-generation fully coupled Earth system model, a recent multi-regional input-output table and an updated emission inventory used for climate change assessment. We find that although consumption associated sulfur dioxide emissions of developed countries are only 60% of those of developing countries, they lead to comparable impacts on the global mean surface air temperature (-0.20±0.09 versus -0.18±0.11 K; with 2 standard deviations) and precipitation (-0.017±0.017 versus -0.019±0.019 mm/day). This is because the emissions of developed countries and resulting forcing are more evenly distributed zonally and located at higher latitudes than the emissions of developing countries. Emissions of both developing and developed countries strongly cool the Northern Hemisphere and cause southward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, while emissions of developing countries have stronger temperature and precipitation impacts over the tropical monsoon regions of China and India. This work serves as the first step of a comprehensive assessment of consumption associated climate impacts in support of global concerted action towards sustainable consumption and stabilized climate.

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Sensitivity of the ITCZ Location to Ocean Forcing Via Q‐Flux Green's Function Experiments

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Neutral modes of surface temperature and the optimal ocean thermal forcing for global cooling

Neutral modes of surface temperature and the optimal ocean thermal forcing for global cooling

Clouds, radiation, and atmospheric circulation in the present‐day climate and under climate change

Comparable sulfate climate impacts by consumption of developed and developing countries

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