Sensitivity of the Earth’s middle atmosphere to short-term solar variability and its dependence on the choice of solar irradiance data set

Shapiro, A. V.; Rozanov, Eugene; Egorova, T.; Шапиро, А. И.; Peter, Thomas; Schmutz, W.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2010.02.011

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Temperature-SOLSTICE is larger than temperature-NRL due to the higher variability of the SOLSTICE SSI. It was shown by Shapiro et al [2011b] that the Ly-a line irradiance does not influence the layers below 60 km. Thus, we can conclude that the OH, O 3 , and temperature changes at 40-60 km shown in Figures 2d-2f are forced by the variability at 122-200 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The role of the solar irradiance variability in the evolution of the middle atmosphere during 2004–2009

et al. 2013

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[1] Recent measurements by the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) and the Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) onboard the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellite have revealed the spectral solar irradiance (SSI) changes in the ultraviolet between 2004 and 2009 to be several times higher than it was shown by all previous SSI measurements and reconstructions. In this paper, we simulate the O 3 , OH, and temperature responses to solar irradiance variability using four different SSI data sets trying to define which one gives the best agreement between the simulated and observed responses. First, we apply the 1-D radiative-convective model with interactive photochemistry to determine the regions of the atmosphere where the O 3 , OH, and temperature are most sensitive to the spectrum discrepancies between the different SSI data sets. As the comparison with observations can be only made taking into account dynamics and all known forcings of the atmosphere, we then apply the 3-D chemistry-climate model SOCOL to simulate the atmosphere evolution from May 2004 to February 2009. We compare the modeled OH, O 3 , and temperature changes with atmospheric data measured by several space instruments. Overall, the comparison shows that the atmospheric changes simulated with the 3-D SOCOL model driven by the SIM and SOLSTICE SSI are closest to the atmospheric measurements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It was shown by Shapiro et al . [] that the Ly‐α line irradiance does not influence the layers below 60 km. Thus, we can conclude that the OH, O 3 , and temperature changes at 40–60 km shown in Figures 2d–2f are forced by the variability at 122–200 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the solar irradiance variability in the evolution of the middle atmosphere during 2004–2009

et al. 2013

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“…More surprisingly, the trends in UV radiation and TSI were found to be opposite to the trend in visible radiation (Harder et al, 2009), which is not at all consistent with proxy-based linear extrapolations used in reconstructing past irradiances (Pagaran et al, 2011). The substantial differences between the SSI datasets available for the declining phase of solar cycle 23 lead to different atmospheric and climate responses when they are used to force climate models (Shapiro et al 2011). If SORCE SSI measurements are to be confirmed (Garcia, 2010), it will dramatically affect our understanding of the ozone and climate sensitivity to solar variations (Merkel et al 2011;Haigh et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Sensitivity of tropical stratospheric ozone to rotational UV variations estimated from UARS and Aura MLS observations during the declining phases of solar cycles 22 and 23

Bossay

Bekki

Marchand

et al. 2015

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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of tropical stratospheric ozone to rotational UV variations estimated from UARS and Aura MLS observations during the declining phases of solar cycles 22 and 23. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Elsevier, 2015, 130-131, pp.96-111. <10.1016/j.jastp.2015 AbstractThe correlation between tropical stratospheric ozone and UV radiation on solar rotational time scales is investigated using daily satellite ozone observations and reconstructed solar spectra.We consider two 3-year periods falling within the descending phases of two 11-year solar cycles 22 (1991-1994) and 23 (2004-2007). The UV rotational cycle is highly irregular and even disappears for half a year during cycle 23. For the 1991-1994 period, ozone and 205 nm UV flux are found to be correlated between about 10 and 1 hPa with a maximum of 0.29 at ~5 2 hPa; ozone sensitivity (percentage change in ozone for 1 percent change in UV) peaks at ~0.4.Correlation during cycle 23 is weaker with a peak ozone sensitivity of 0.2. The correlation is found to vary widely, not only with altitude, but also from one year to the next with a rotational signal in ozone appearing almost intermittent. Unexpectedly, the correlation is not found to bear any relation with the solar rotational forcing. For instance, solar rotational fluctuations are by far the strongest during 1991-1992 whereas the correlation peaks at the end of 1993, a rotationally quiescent period. When calculated over sliding intervals of 1-year, the sensitivity is found to vary very strongly within both 3-year periods; it is almost negligible over the entire vertical profile during some 1-year intervals or reaches close to 1 around 2-5 mb for other intervals. Other sources of variability, presumably of dynamical origin, operate on the rotational spectral range and determine to a large extent the estimated solar rotational signal. Even considering 3 years of observations (corresponding to about 40 solar cycles), the extraction of the rotational solar signal does not appear to be robust during declining phases of 11-year solar cycles. As observational studies cover at best three 11-year solar cycles, it must be challenging to produce a reliable estimation of the 11-year solar cycle signal in stratospheric ozone, especially in the presence of decadal climate variability.Ozone -stratosphere -solar variability -27-days -photochemistry

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“…The SORCE SOLSTICE measurements cover the spectral range from 115 to 320 nm and the data are available as a daily average with 1-nm spectral resolution. Shapiro et al (2011a) showed that in the mesosphere the sensitivities of the OH and O 3 to changes in irradiance do not depend on the choice of the SSI data set if the analysis is based on the variability at the Ly-α line. Thus, we derive the solar irradiance at the Ly-α line from SOLSTICE SORCE data.…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signature of the 27-day solar rotation cycle in mesospheric OH and H<sub>2</sub>O observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The mesospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) is mainly produced by the water vapor (H 2 O) photolysis and could be considered as a proxy for the influence of the solar irradiance variability on the mesosphere. We analyze the tropical mean response of the mesospheric OH and H 2 O data as observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to 27-day solar variability. The analysis is performed for two time periods corresponding to the different phases of the 11-yr cycle: from December 2004 to December 2005 (the period of "high activity" with a pronounced 27-day solar cycle) and from August 2008 to August 2009 ("solar minimum" period with a vague 27-day solar cycle). We demonstrate, for the first time, that in the mesosphere the daily time series of OH concentrations correlate well with the solar irradiance (correlation coefficients up to 0.79) at zero time-lag. At the same time H 2 O anticorrelates (correlation coefficients up to −0.74) with the solar irradiance at non-zero time-lag. We found that the response of OH and H 2 O to the 27-day variability of the solar irradiance is strong for the period of the high solar activity and negligible for the solar minimum conditions. It allows us to suggest that the 27-day cycle in the solar irradiance and in OH and H 2 O are physically connected.

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Sensitivity of the Earth’s middle atmosphere to short-term solar variability and its dependence on the choice of solar irradiance data set

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

The role of the solar irradiance variability in the evolution of the middle atmosphere during 2004–2009

The role of the solar irradiance variability in the evolution of the middle atmosphere during 2004–2009

Sensitivity of tropical stratospheric ozone to rotational UV variations estimated from UARS and Aura MLS observations during the declining phases of solar cycles 22 and 23

Signature of the 27-day solar rotation cycle in mesospheric OH and H<sub>2</sub>O observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder

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Sensitivity of the Earth’s middle atmosphere to short-term solar variability and its dependence on the choice of solar irradiance data set

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

The role of the solar irradiance variability in the evolution of the middle atmosphere during 2004–2009

The role of the solar irradiance variability in the evolution of the middle atmosphere during 2004–2009

Sensitivity of tropical stratospheric ozone to rotational UV variations estimated from UARS and Aura MLS observations during the declining phases of solar cycles 22 and 23

Signature of the 27-day solar rotation cycle in mesospheric OH and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder

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Signature of the 27-day solar rotation cycle in mesospheric OH and H<sub>2</sub>O observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder