“…With grid spacings of a few kilometers, CPMs can explicitly resolve deep convection, offering the potential for more reliable climate simulations (Bauer et al., 2021; Slingo et al., 2022; Stevens et al., 2019). Many studies have found that CPMs have better performance in simulating many aspects of MCSs, such as duration, propagation, and heavy precipitation (e.g., Ban et al., 2014; X. Chen et al., 2021; Feng et al., 2018; Gao et al., 2017; Li et al., 2023; Na et al., 2022; Prein et al., 2017, 2024; Zhang et al., 2021). However, these studies mostly investigated MCSs regionally using simulations from one or two CPMs.…”