Sensitivity of serological assays to identify blood donors with hepatitis C viraemia

Sugitani, Masahiko; Inchauspé, Geneviève; Prince, A. M.; Shindo, Michiko

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90538-e

Cited by 158 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although this selection increased the likelihood of detecting individuals in the window period, it may not have affected the frequency of chronic carriers of HCV without anti–HCV in the population tested. At the time of the study design, a range of 1–5 in 10,000 donations with HCV RNA but without HCV antibody was projected on the basis of sparse published data [10, 15]. Results shown in table 2 indicate that this was clearly an overestimate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is to a large extent related to the 10–week window period separating infection from HCV antibody detection with current screening enzyme immuno–assays and the presence of rare cases of viraemia without detectable antibodies [10, 11]. The risk of a repeat donor giving blood during an HCV infectious window period in the USA has been estimated as 1 in 103,000 [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large–Scale HCV RNA Screening in First–Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations

Petrík¹,

Hewitt²,

Barbara³

et al. 1999

Vox Sanguinis

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Background and Objectives: Individual genomic screening for viruses in blood donations is becoming increasingly pressing as an alternative to pool testing to improve the safety of the blood supply. Materials and Methods: To determine the feasibility and, possibly, efficacy of genomic screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the blood service setting, a representative population of first–time blood donors was screened individually with a semi–automated genomic amplification assay for HCV RNA. First–time blood donors in two blood centres in the United Kingdom were screened in parallel for anti–HCV and HCV RNA by RT–PCR. Results: 8,417 serum samples were screened. A 99.95% specificity was observed and one anti–HCV–positive, HCV–RNA–positive donation was found. No seronegative HCV–RNA–positive donations were detected. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the low prevalence of HCV infection in blood donors from the London area and demonstrate the high level of performance of the individual genomic screening method used in this study. When fully automated, such a method would be a highly suitable candidate for routine, automated genomic screening of HCV and, subsequently, of other pathogenic blood–borne viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large–Scale HCV RNA Screening in First–Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations

Petrík¹,

Hewitt²,

Barbara³

et al. 1999

Vox Sanguinis

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“…However, the risk of transfusing blood-derived components from virus-carrying donors still remains [10][11][12] and HCV RNA has been found in some antibody-negative samples by PCR or nucleic acid amplifi cation technology [13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Serum Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in ‘False-Seronegative’ Blood Donors in Oman

Alnaqy

Al-Harthy²,

Kaminski³

et al. 2006

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: To detect hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in seronegative donors by disruption of the immune complexes (ICs). Subjects and Methods: HCV antibody detection was carried out on 600 seronegative donors following an IC dissociation assay. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then performed on the positive results. Results: Nine of the 600 samples (1.5%) were positive for IC-dissociated HCV antibodies. Of the 9 only 3 antibody-positive samples had detectable HCV RNA. Conclusion: Screening for antibodies to HCV in combination with PCR appears to be the safest way to reduce the residual risk of HCV in blood transfusion.

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“…If these results are confirmed, automated PCR assays may be required for blood donor screening to prevent transmission of HCV. 21 The blood bank of KFH at Al Baha actually discarded 12% of donated blood units for the period between November 1993 and April 1994 on the basis of reactivity to HBs-Ag, HCV-Ab, HIV-Ab, VDRL and elevated ALT (>97 U/L). Rossi et al 22 have reported eight patients who had persistently normal ALT; out of these, chronic liver disease was found in seven patients and HCV-RNA was detected in all of them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Markers in Blood Donors at King Fahad Hospital, AL BAHA

Omar

Zuebi

1996

Ann Saudi Med

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A total of 4683 donated blood units were screened for HCV-Ab, HBs-Ag, HIV-Ab, VDRL, malaria parasites and ALT between January 1993 and April 1994. Of the blood units, 7.7% were positive for one or two hepatitis markers (HCV-Ab, HBs-Ag), while 4.6% were positive for HCV antibody, and 3.3% of the 4.6% were accounted for by Egyptian blood donors. Thus, 73% of all positive blood units for HCV-Ab were from Egyptian donors, while the rate of positive blood units for Saudi blood donors was 0.9%. Three and one-tenth percent of the total blood units were positive for HBs antigen, 2.3% from the Saudi population. Thus, 75% of all positive blood units were from Saudi donors. The percentage for HBs-Ag blood units for Egyptians was 0.3%. The exact prevalence of HCV-Abpositive blood units among Saudis was 1.2% and HBs-Ag-positive units was 3.3%. Prevalence of HCV-Ab-reactive blood units among Egyptians was 34% and HBs-Ag-positive units was 3.3%. HCV-RNA using PCR was detected in a total of 86% of the individuals reactive to HCV antibody. Forty-three percent of hepatitis-B-and/or C-reactive blood donors had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Elevated ALT was observed in a higher percentage among HCV-Ab-reactive blood donors as compared to HBs-Ag-reactive donors. Blood donors are a major source of diseases, especially viral infection. The most common blood-transmitted viruses are HBV, HCV and HIV. These viruses cause fatal disease and chronic and life-threatening disorders. Local, not imported, donated blood units at King Fahad Hospital, Al Baha, are screened for HCV-Ab, HBs-Ag, HIVantibody, VDRL, malaria parasites and liver function (alanine aminotransferase, or ALT). If blood units were reactive to any one parameter, they were rejected and the donor was advised to visit the internal medicine clinic. IgG antibody to HCV was detected in 93% of acute and 91% of chronic non-A non-B hepatitis cases.1 This finding points to the possibility of transmission of HCV even when blood units are nonreactive to HCV-Ab. The introduction of the ALT value as a parameter will help to reduce the risk of transmitting HCV through transfusion. ALT value greater than the upper limit (65 U/L) by factor 1.5 (97 U/L) was taken as the criterion for rejecting the blood unit. Repeated ALT value greater than 97 U/L by a second blood donation from the same donor was considered as permanent rejection for any blood donation in the future. Excluding the use of donated blood with abnormal ALT results may have reduced the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis. 2The prevalence of HBV or HCV varies by nationality and geography. The prevalence of HBV infection among Saudi donors is known to be about three times higher than the incidence of HCV infection 3,4 and the prevalence of HCV infection among Egyptian donors is high as well. 5,6 The prevalence of HCV antibody among Saudi blood donors at four hospitals in the Riyadh area ranges between 1.0 to 1.7%, averaging 1.3%. 3,4,7,8 Material and MethodFour thousand, six hundred and eighty-three donated blood unit...

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Sensitivity of serological assays to identify blood donors with hepatitis C viraemia

Cited by 158 publications

References 9 publications

Large–Scale HCV RNA Screening in First–Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations

Large–Scale HCV RNA Screening in First–Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations

Detection of Serum Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in ‘False-Seronegative’ Blood Donors in Oman

Disease Markers in Blood Donors at King Fahad Hospital, AL BAHA

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Sensitivity of serological assays to identify blood donors with hepatitis C viraemia

Cited by 158 publications

References 9 publications

Large&ndash;Scale HCV RNA Screening in First&ndash;Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations

Large&ndash;Scale HCV RNA Screening in First&ndash;Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations

Detection of Serum Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus in ‘False-Seronegative’ Blood Donors in Oman

Disease Markers in Blood Donors at King Fahad Hospital, AL BAHA

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Product

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Large–Scale HCV RNA Screening in First–Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations

Large–Scale HCV RNA Screening in First–Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations