Sensitivity of Plasmopara viticola to selected fungicide groups and the occurrence of the G143A mutant in Australian grapevine isolates

Abstract

BACKGROUNDGrapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is an economically important disease in Australia and worldwide. The application of fungicides is the main tool to control this disease. Frequent fungicide applications can lead to the selection of resistant P. viticola populations, which has negative impacts on the management of the disease. Identification of resistance and its prevalence is necessary to inform resistance management strategies.RESULTSA total of 86 P. viticola isolates were collected between 2017 and 2022 from vineyards in 15 growing regions across Australia for four fungicide groups; phenylamide (PA, group 4), carboxylic acid amide (CAA, group 40), quinone outside inhibitor (QoI, group 11) and quinone outside inhibitor stigmatellin binding type (QoSI, group 45). Decreased phenotypic sensitivity was detected for all four groups, and resistance to metalaxyl‐M (PA) and pyraclostrobin (QoI), was detected. Genetic analysis to detect the G143A (QoI) and G1105S (CAA) mutations using amplicon‐based sequencing was performed for 239 and 65 isolates collected in 2014–2017 and 2017–2022, respectively. G143A was detected in 8 and 52% of isolates, respectively, with strong association to phenotypic resistance. However, G1105S was not detected in any isolates.CONCLUSIONPlasmopara viticola isolates in Australia with resistance to at least two fungicide groups have been detected, therefore it is necessary to adopt resistance management strategies where resistance has been detected. Vineyards should continue to be monitored to improve management strategies for downy mildew.