Sensitivity of <i>Penicillium digitatum</i> and <i>P. italicum</i> to Postharvest Citrus Fungicides in California

Holmes, Gerald J.; Eckert, J. W.

doi:10.1094/phyto.1999.89.9.716

Cited by 260 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It was investigated that all P. digitatum and P. italicum isolates collected in a citrus orchard were sensitive in vitro to imazalil and thiabendazole [28]. This result was consistent with earlier studies [29][30][31] suggesting that naturally occurring resistant isolates of P. digitatum and P. italicum are rare or absent in citrus orchards, especially in those orchards without a prior history of fungicide usage. Nevertheless, isolates of P. digitatum resistant to thiabendazole, imazalil, or both fungicides were detected in all packinghouses sampled.…”

Section: Chemical Control Meanssupporting

confidence: 66%

Organic and Inorganic Salts as Postharvest Alternative Control Means of Citrus

Youssef¹,

Abd‐Elsalam²,

Hussien³

et al. 2017

Citrus Pathology

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Several postharvest disease control means alternative to conventional chemical fungicides, such as organic and inorganic salts, will be highlighted in the proposed chapter. In particular, it will comprehensively cover different aspects of the use of salts against postharvest Penicillium decay of citrus. It will be an essential resource for the graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, professionals, supply chain players, citrus industries, and retailers. Organic and inorganic salts have a broad spectrum of activity against a wide range of fungi. In addition, they are easy to apply, inexpensive, safe for humans and the environment, and suitable for commercial postharvest handling practices. Different application strategies of salts, before and after harvest, and combined application (with wax, natural compounds, and fungicides, etc.) will be also discussed. The present chapter attempts to highlight how the use of organic and inorganic salts as alternative postharvest disease management technologies has developed from the laboratory to the market.

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Section: Chemical Control Meanssupporting

confidence: 66%

Organic and Inorganic Salts as Postharvest Alternative Control Means of Citrus

Youssef¹,

Abd‐Elsalam²,

Hussien³

et al. 2017

Citrus Pathology

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“…The fruit surface is completely covered by the fungicides, and their residues remain on the fruit surface (Holmes & Eckert 1999). The increasing concern for health hazards and environmental pollution due to the use of chemicals has required the development of alternative strategies for the control of postharvest citrus diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of some bacteria for biological control of postharvest citrus green mould caused by Penicillium digitatum

Mohammadi¹,

Tozlu²,

Kotan³

et al. 2017

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Mohammadi P., Tozlu E., Kotan R., Kotan Şenol M. (2017): Potential of some bacteria for biological control of postharvest citrus green mould caused by Penicillium digitatum. Plant Protect. Sci., 53: 134-143.Ten bacteria isolate (4 Bacillus subtilis, 2 Bacillus pumilus, 2 Bacillus cereus, 1 Bacillus megaterium, and 1 agrobacterium radiobacter) were tested in vitro for antagonistic properties against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mould. The effect of these bacteria was also observed on mycelial growth, spore germination, and spore production of the pathogenic fungus in broth culture. Extracellular enzyme activities of the bacteria were determined. According to the results of in vitro antagonistic tests and enzymes activities, the most promising bacteria were Bacillus subtilis and agrobacterium radiobacter. These bacteria were tested for disease suppression on lemon fruits. In addition, these bacterial isolates also showed remarkable antifungal activity against the pathogen on lemon fruits. The results of this study showed that Bacillus subtilis and agrobacterium radiobacter showed remarkable antifungal activity against the pathogen. Chitinase and glucanase enzyme activity of all the tested bacteria was positive. Protease enzyme activity was positive in all tested bacteria with the exception of agrobacterium radiobacter. In addition, all bacteria inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination (except agrobacterium radiobacter) of the fungus. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and agrobacterium radiobacter inhibited spore production in broth culture. Bacillus subtilis and agrobacterium radiobacter were tested on lemon fruits significantly reduced disease severity. Consequently, these isolates can be used as new biocontrol agents in controlling the post-harvest decay of citrus fruits caused by Penicillium digitatum.

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“…de imazalil. Estas doses de fungicidas correspondem às chamadas doses de resistência, obtidas experimentalmente, e nas quais se considera que unicamente os isolados resistentes são capazes de crescer (Brown, 1990;Holmes & Eckert, 1999;Zhu et al, 2006). O tiabendazol e o imazalil, assim como o pentabiótico veterinário, foram adicionados ao meio de cultura BDA fundente.…”

Section: Determinação Da Frequência De Isolados De Penicillium Spp Runclassified

Doenças pós-colheita em laranja 'Valência' e caracterização da população fúngica em pomares orgânicos e convencionais

Fischer¹,

Zanette²,

Spósito³

et al. 2011

Trop. plant pathol.

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RESUMOA agricultura orgânica busca atender a demanda crescente por alimentos saudáveis, produzidos sem agroquímicos. Este trabalho objetivou: a) caracterizar as doenças pós-colheita em laranjas 'Valência' provenientes de cultivo orgânico e convencional; b) caracterizar a micoflora ambiental nos pomares citrícolas e c) detectar a presença de isolados de Penicillium spp. resistentes aos fungicidas tiabendazol e imazalil nos pomares. Frutos coletados nos pomares e no mercado atacadista de São Paulo (CEAGESP) foram armazenados durante 14 dias a 25ºC e 85% de UR. A incidência de doenças foi avaliada visualmente a cada dois-três dias. A micoflora ambiental foi amostrada com placas de Petri, contendo meio batata-dextrose-ágar acrescido ou não dos fungicidas. As maiores incidências de doenças foram observadas nas laranjas orgânicas em relação as do sistema convencional. A principal doença detectada foi a podridão peduncular de lasiodiplodia. A micoflora total do ambiente, assim como os principais gêneros fúngicos não diferiram significativamente entre os pomares amostrados. Cladosporium foi o gênero fúngico mais abundante nos pomares. A frequência de isolados de P. digitatum resistentes a tiabendazol foi semelhante nos pomares, com média de 47,3% dos isolados. A frequência de isolados de P. digitatum resistentes a imazalil foi baixa (2,6%), não sendo constatados isolados resistentes a tiabendazol + imazalil. Palavras-chave: Citrus sinensis, Penicillium spp., citros, podridões, resistência a fungicidas. ABSTRACT Postharvest diseases in orange fruits and characterization of the fungal population in organic and conventional farmersOrganic farming aims to meet growing demand for healthy foods, produced without the use of pesticides. The purposes of this work were a) to characterize postharvest diseases in 'Valencia' oranges grown under organic and conventional conditions; b) to characterize the environmental mycoflora in citrus orchards and c) to detect the presence of Penicillium spp. isolates resistant to fungicides thiabendazole and imazalil in the orchards. Citrus fruit collected at the orchards and at the wholesale market of São Paulo (CEAGESP) were stored during 14 days at 25ºC and 85% UR. The incidence of postharvest diseases was evaluated visually every two-three days. The environmental mycoflora was sampled according to the gravimetric method, using Petri dishes containing potato-dextrose-agar medium, supplemented or not with fungicides. The highest incidence of diseases was observed in oranges sampled in organic orchards in comparison to the conventional system. The most frequent postharvest disease was lasiodiplodia stem-end rot. The environmental mycoflora and the population of the major genera of fungi did not differ significantly among the sampled orchards. Cladosporium was the most prevailing genus in the orchards. The frequency of P. digitatum isolates resistant to thiabendazole was similar in orchards, with an average of 47.3%. The frequency of P. digitatum isolates resistant to imazalil was low (2.6%), and...

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Sensitivity of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum to Postharvest Citrus Fungicides in California

Cited by 260 publications

References 22 publications

Organic and Inorganic Salts as Postharvest Alternative Control Means of Citrus

Organic and Inorganic Salts as Postharvest Alternative Control Means of Citrus

Potential of some bacteria for biological control of postharvest citrus green mould caused by Penicillium digitatum

Doenças pós-colheita em laranja 'Valência' e caracterização da população fúngica em pomares orgânicos e convencionais

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