Sensitivity of hazardous air pollutant emissions to the combustion of blends of petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuel

Magara-Gomez, Kento T.; Olson, Michael R.; Okuda, Tomoaki; Walz, Kenneth A.; Schauer, James J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.007

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Several other studies have provided detailed emission profiles of VOCs, carbonyl compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with the majority of these studies not reaching a consensus on the impact of biodiesel due to conflicting trends (George et al, 2014;Prokopowicz et al, 2015;Rouce et al, 2012). Magara-Gomez et al (2012) found decreases in toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylenes, o-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of biodiesel on regulated and unregulated emissions, and redox and proinflammatory properties of PM emitted from heavy-duty vehicles

Karavalakis

Gysel

Schmitz

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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The emissions and the potential health effects of particulate matter (PM) were assessed from two heavy-duty trucks with and without emission control aftertreatment systems when operating on CARB ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and three different biodiesel blends. The CARB ULSD was blended with soy-based biodiesel, animal fat biodiesel, and waste cooking oil biodiesel at 50vol%. Testing was conducted over the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) in triplicate for both trucks. The aftertreatment controls effectively decreased PM mass and number emissions, as well as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to the uncontrolled truck. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO) exhibited increases with the biodiesel blends, showing some feedstock dependency for the controlled truck. The oxidative potential of the emitted PM, measured by means of the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, showed reductions with the use of biodiesel blends relative to CARB ULSD for the uncontrolled truck. Overall, the cellular responses to the particles from each fuel were reflective of the chemical content, i.e., particles from CARB ULSD were the most reactive and exhibited the highest cellular responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of biodiesel on regulated and unregulated emissions, and redox and proinflammatory properties of PM emitted from heavy-duty vehicles

Karavalakis

Gysel

Schmitz

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Perhaps the wide interests are largely attributed to biodiesel attracting factors such as a renewable energy source, biodegradability, and low in hazardous air pollutant emissions [1,2]. Globally, crude glycerol is produced as the main by-products of the drastically increasing biodiesel production capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress, prospect and challenges in glycerol purification process: A review

Ardi

Aroua

Hashim

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

223

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a b s t r a c tGlycerol surplus in recent decades due to global increase in biodiesel production has created a new form of challenge in terms of purification for crude glycerol. This review summarizes the progress of crude glycerol purification technologies using various techniques. Critical insights are given regarding the application of suitable techniques for crude glycerol purification which includes chemical pre-treatment, methanol removal, vacuum distillation, ion exchange, activated carbon and membrane separation technology. Extensive discussion is made in relation with stages and processes in the conventional, current and emerging glycerol purification technologies. Lastly, aspects concerning the challenges of glycerol utilization and purification are thoroughly discussed.

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“…This is in contrast to the on-road sector, which has more well-characterized speciated emission data (EPA, 2008(EPA, , 2013Khalek et al, 2009). Our review found that many nonroad engine studies that have speciation data are for older technology engines, based on testing with fuels that are no longer representative of most of the market (Gabele, 1997;EPA, 2004;Volckens et al, 2008), or based on fuels that have never been widely used (Gordon et al, 2013;MargaraGomez et al, 2012;Chai et al, 2013;Zhang and Balasubramanian, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Development of organic gas exhaust speciation profiles for nonroad spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines and equipment

Reichle

Cook

Yanca

et al. 2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The composition of exhaust emissions from nonroad engines and equipment varies based on a number of parameters, including engine type, emission control technology, fuel composition, and operating conditions. Speciated emissions data which characterize the chemical composition of these emissions are needed to develop chemical speciation profiles used for air quality modeling and to develop air toxics inventories. In this paper, we present results of an extensive review and analysis of available exhaust speciation data for total organic gases (TOG) for spark ignition (SI) engines running on gasoline/ethanol blends now in widespread use, and compression ignition (CI) engines running on diesel fuel. We identified two data sets best suited for development of exhaust speciation profiles. Neither of these data sets have previously been published. We analyzed the resulting speciation profiles for differences in SI engine exhaust composition between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines using E0 (0% ethanol) and E10 (10% ethanol) blends, and differences in CI engine exhaust composition among engines meeting different emission standards. Exhaust speciation profiles were also analyzed to compare differences in maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) values; this is a useful indicator for evaluating how organic gases may affect ozone formation for air quality modeling. Our analyses found significant differences in speciated emissions from 2-stroke and 4-stroke SI engines, and between engines running on E0 and E10 fuels. We found significant differences in profiles from pre-Tier 1 CI engines, engines meeting Tier 1 standards, and engines meeting Tier 2 standards. Although data for nonroad CI engines meeting tier 4 standards with control devices such as particulate filters and selective catalyst reduction (SCR) devices were not available, data from highway CI engines suggest these technologies will substantially change profiles for nonroad CI engines as well (EPA, 2014c).Implications: The nonroad engine data sets analyzed in this study will substantially improve exhaust speciation profiles used to characterize organic gas emissions from nonroad engines. Since nonroad engines are major contributors to ambient air pollution, these profiles can considerably improve U.S. emission inventories for gaseous air toxics emitted from nonroad engines. The speciation profiles developed in this paper can be used to develop more accurate emission inputs to chemical transport models, leading to more accurate air quality modeling.

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Sensitivity of hazardous air pollutant emissions to the combustion of blends of petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuel

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of biodiesel on regulated and unregulated emissions, and redox and proinflammatory properties of PM emitted from heavy-duty vehicles

Impact of biodiesel on regulated and unregulated emissions, and redox and proinflammatory properties of PM emitted from heavy-duty vehicles

Progress, prospect and challenges in glycerol purification process: A review

Development of organic gas exhaust speciation profiles for nonroad spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines and equipment

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