Sensitivity of Calanus spp. copepods to environmental changes in the North Sea using life-stage structured models

Maar, Marie; Møller, Eva Friis; Gürkan, Zeren; Jónasdóttir, Sigrún; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2012.10.004

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Eiane et al, 2002;Eiane and Ohman, 2004;Ohman and Hirche, 2001;Ohman et al, 2002;Ohman et al, 2004) and C. helgolandicus . These estimates of Calanus mortality have been used in population models of C. finmarchicus (Speirs et al, 2006) and C. helgolandicus (Maar et al, 2013). Both species see significantly higher mortality in egg and early naupliar stages than in later stages.…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the smaller scale, this class of model has enhanced our understanding of the relationship between C. finmarchicus and phytoplankton (Carlotti and Radach, 1996), the role of diel vertical migration (Fiksen and Carlotti, 1998) and diapause behaviour (Maps et al, 2012). In contrast, with the exception of a recently published stage structured model of populations of both species in the North Sea (Maar et al, 2013), to date process-based modelling studies have not been carried out on C. helgolandicus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the surprising lack of differences between two congeneric calanoid copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus

Wilson

Speirs

Heath

2015

Progress in Oceanography

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The important calanoid copepod species Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus have distinct geographic ranges which are changing under the influence of climate change. Understanding the mechanisms underlying their distributions is becoming increasingly important as a result of the possible ecological impacts of these range shifts. Here we review inter-species differences in key life cycle traits that influence each species’ geographic distribution, in particular development and growth, fecundity, feeding behaviour, vertical migration and overwintering behaviour. The distinct temperature niche of each species leads to an a priori assumption that the response of life cycle traits to temperature is a key determinant of their contrasting geographic distributions. A new development model was created to reconcile published experimental development times for each species. Model output indicates that at temperatures below approximately 12-13 ˚C, C. finmarchicus is the faster developing species, but above these temperatures C. helgolandicus develops more quickly. Conventionally Calanus development time is assumed to decrease monotonically with temperature; however our model indicates that the response of development time to temperature is instead U-shaped. Differences in life cycle aspects such as seasonality and vertical structuring are interpreted in light of this development model. Body size and lipid accumulation abilities could be significant influences on each species’ geographic distribution; however evidence is consistent with inter-species differences not existing for these traits. Published evidence shows that inter-species differences in egg production may exist, but do not follow a clear pattern. Diapause is an important and well studied life cycle adaptation of C. finmarchicus, but has received little attention in C. helgolandicus. We synthesised knowledge of diapause and suggest the hypothesis that C. helgolandicus is restricted to continental shelf regions as a result of an inability to diapause for significant periods. This synthesised view of each species’ respective life cycle traits is that response of growth and development to temperature is the only known difference between each species, which indicates a promising direction for the extension of population models of C. finmarchicus to C. helgolandicus

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Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the surprising lack of differences between two congeneric calanoid copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus

Wilson

Speirs

Heath

2015

Progress in Oceanography

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“…A number of dynamical-modeling studies have attempted to fill this gap by modeling the copepods species by species in relation to climate forcing, often in an individualbased-model (IBM) framework (Miller et al, 2002;Ji et al, 2012;Maar et al, 2013;Wilson et al, 2016). There are two key limitations to the species-by-species approach, however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod Life Strategy and Population Viability in Response to Prey Timing and Temperature: Testing a New Model across Latitude, Time, and the Size Spectrum

et al. 2016

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A new model ("Coltrane": Copepod Life-history Traits and Adaptation to Novel Environments) describes environmental controls on copepod populations via (1) phenology and life history and (2) temperature and energy budgets in a unified framework. The model tracks a cohort of copepods spawned on a given date using a set of coupled equations for structural and reserve biomass, developmental stage, and survivorship, similar to many other individual-based models. It then analyzes a family of cases varying spawning date over the year to produce population-level results, and families of cases varying one or more traits to produce community-level results. In an idealized globalscale testbed, the model correctly predicts life strategies in large Calanus spp. ranging from multiple generations per year to multiple years per generation. In a Bering Sea testbed, the model replicates the dramatic variability in the abundance of Calanus glacialis/marshallae observed between warm and cold years of the 2000s, and indicates that prey phenology linked to sea ice is a more important driver than temperature per se. In a Disko Bay, West Greenland testbed, the model predicts the viability of a spectrum of large-copepod strategies from income breeders with a adult size ∼100 µgC reproducing once per year through capital breeders with an adult size >1000 µgC with a multiple-year life cycle. This spectrum corresponds closely to the observed life histories and physiology of local populations of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and Calanus hyperboreus. Together, these complementary initial experiments demonstrate that many patterns in copepod community composition and productivity can be predicted from only a few key constraints on the individual energy budget: the total energy available in a given environment per year; the energy and time required to build an adult body; the metabolic and predation penalties for taking too long to reproduce; and the size and temperature dependence of the vital rates involved.

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“…This is the second study after Maar et al (2013) to assume they do not. Instead, we use a dome-shaped relationship between growth and fecundity and temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spatial Modeling of Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus: Parameter Differences Explain Differences in Biogeography

2016

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The North Atlantic copepods Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus are moving north in response to rising temperatures. Understanding the drivers of their relative geographic distributions is required in order to anticipate future changes. To explore this, we created a new spatially explicit stage-structured model of their populations throughout the North Atlantic. Recent advances in understanding Calanus biology, including U-shaped relationships between growth and fecundity and temperature, and a new model of diapause duration are incorporated in the model. Equations were identical for both species, but some parameters were species-specific. The model was parameterized using Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey data and tested using time series of abundance and fecundity. The geographic distributions of both species were reproduced by assuming that only known interspecific differences and a difference in the temperature influence on mortality exist. We show that differences in diapause capability are not necessary to explain why C. helgolandicus is restricted to the continental shelf. Smaller body size and higher overwinter temperatures likely make true diapause implausible for C. helgolandicus. Known differences were incapable of explaining why only C. helgolandicus exists southwest of the British Isles. Further, the fecundity of C. helgolandicus in the English Channel is much lower than we predict. We hypothesize that food quality is a key influence on the population dynamics of these species. The modeling framework presented can potentially be extended to further Calanus species.

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Sensitivity of Calanus spp. copepods to environmental changes in the North Sea using life-stage structured models

Cited by 27 publications

References 70 publications

On the surprising lack of differences between two congeneric calanoid copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus

On the surprising lack of differences between two congeneric calanoid copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus

Copepod Life Strategy and Population Viability in Response to Prey Timing and Temperature: Testing a New Model across Latitude, Time, and the Size Spectrum

Spatial Modeling of Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus: Parameter Differences Explain Differences in Biogeography

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