Sensitivity enhancement using anisotropic black phosphorus and antimonene in bi-metal layer-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor

Singh, Maneesh Kumar; Pal, Sarika; Verma, Alka; Mishra, Vimal Kumar; Prajapati, Yogendra Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2021.106969

Cited by 36 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Zohre et al proposed a SPR biosensor with a graphene–MoS2 hybrid layer, which achieved a sensitivity of 192°/RIU [ 24 ]. Maneesh et al proposed an angular interrogated anisotropic bimetallic SPR biosensor by stacking anisotropic BP and monolayer antimonene on Cu/Ni bimetallic films with highest sensitivity of 446.90°/RIU [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Sensing Performance in a High-Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Few-Layer Black Phosphorus

Zhu,

Shen,

Chen

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP) is a highly promising material for high sensitivity label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors due to its exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. FLBP exhibits inherent anisotropy with different refractive indices along its two main crystal orientations, the zigzag and armchair axes. However, this anisotropic property is often overlooked in FLBP-based sensors. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the SPR reflectivity and phase in a BK7-Ag-FLBP structure to understand the influence of the stacking sequence and the number of FLBP layers on the sensing performance. Clear resonant angle shifts caused by different stacking sequences of FLBP could be observed both theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical study, the highest reflective and phase sensitivities were achieved with a 12-layer black phosphorus (BP) structure. The reflectivity sensitivity reached 287.9°/refractive index units (RIU) with the zz stacking 12-layer BP film exhibiting a sensitivity 76°/RIU higher than the ac stacking structure. Similarly, the phase sensitivity reached 1162°/RIU with the zz stacking 12-layer BP structure showing a sensitivity 276.9°/RIU higher than the ac stacking structure. The electric field distribution of the 12-layer BP structure with four different stacking sequences has also been analyzed. In the experiment study, the well-known Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) θ−2θ SPR setup is utilized to detect the reflectivity and phase of BK7-Ag-FLBP structures. The FLBP samples with the same thickness but different stacking sequences show significant resonant angle shift (0.275°) and maximum phase difference variation (34.6°). The FLBP sample thickness and crystal orientations have been demonstrated using the angular-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy (ARPRS). These theoretical and experimental results provide strong evidence that the stacking sequences of FLBP have a significant impact on the sensing performance of SPR sensors. By harnessing the anisotropic properties of materials like FLBP, novel structures of anisotropic-2D material-based SPR sensors could open up exciting possibilities for innovative applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Sensing Performance in a High-Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Few-Layer Black Phosphorus

Zhu,

Shen,

Chen

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…A lot of recent research favored copper as a plasmonic metal as it benefits higher electrical conductivity, it has the ability to generate narrow SPR peaks, and it is a cost-effective approach when compared to gold and silver [15][16][17]. The Cu inter-band transition exhibits strong optical absorption properties and is quite similar to Au [18]. Due to its unique aspects, Cu is an ideal choice to use in SPR sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on High-Performance Cu-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Biosensing Application

Muthumanikkam,

Vibisha,

Lordwin Prabhakar

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This numerical research presents a simple hybrid structure comprised of TiO2-Cu-BaTiO3 for a modified Kretschmann configuration that exhibits high sensitivity and high resolution for biosensing applications through an angular interrogation method. Recently, copper (Cu) emerged as an exceptional choice as a plasmonic metal for developing surface plasmon sensors (SPR) with high resolution as it yields finer, thinner SPR curves than Ag and Au. As copper is prone to oxidation, especially in ambient conditions, the proposed structure involves the utilization of barium titanate (BaTiO3) film as a protection layer that not only preserves Cu film from oxidizing but enhances the performance of the sensor to a great extent. Numerical results also show that the utilization of a thin adhesive layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) between the prism base and Cu film not only induces strong interaction between them but also enhances the performance of the sensor. Such a configuration, upon suitable optimization of the thickness of each layer, is found to enhance sensitivity as high as 552°/RIU with a figure of merit (FOM) of 136.97 RIU−1. This suggested biosensor design with enhanced sensitivity is expected to enable long-term detection with greater accuracy and sensitivity even when using Cu as a plasmonic metal.

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“…Among the several types of surface-plasmon sensors, the most common include the Kretschmann con guration [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], the diffraction-grating method [16-27], localized surface-plasmon-resonance sensors that use metal nanoparticles [28,29], and optical-ber sensors. The various sensing methods include measurements in uids using plasmonic waveguides [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and nanostructured absorbers [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Operation Analysis of a Surface-Plasmon Sensor Using a Nonpropagating Mode

Motogaito,

Harada,

Hiramatsu

2023

Plasmonics

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Our research focuses on the development of a surface-plasmon sensor that uses a stationary surface plasmon, referred to as a "non-propagating mode." This mode is observed when light is incident perpendicularly on a surface-plasmon sensor based on a metal diffraction grating. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of the surface-plasmon resonances within this non-propagating mode, employing the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) method. Using electron-beam lithography, sputtering, and a lift-off process, we fabricated such a surface-plasmon sensor and evaluated its optical properties rigorously. By combining simulations and experiments, we successfully utilized the nonpropagating mode to detect a liquid medium with a refractive index of 1.70. Simulations show that the non-propagating mode arises due to a Fano resonance; i.e., to a resonant interaction between a localized surface plasmon generated at the edge of a metal grating strip during normal incidence and a propagating surface plasmon that occurs at the boundary between the metal diffraction grating and the measurement medium. The present results provide useful information for the advancement of surfaceplasmon sensing technologies.

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Sensitivity enhancement using anisotropic black phosphorus and antimonene in bi-metal layer-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Anisotropic Sensing Performance in a High-Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Few-Layer Black Phosphorus

Anisotropic Sensing Performance in a High-Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Few-Layer Black Phosphorus

Numerical Investigation on High-Performance Cu-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Biosensing Application

Fabrication and Operation Analysis of a Surface-Plasmon Sensor Using a Nonpropagating Mode

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