Sensitivity enhancement of a Cu (II) metal organic framework-acetylene black-based electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive detection of imatinib in clinical samples

Abstract

Imatinib (IMB), an anticancer drug, is extensively used for chemotherapy to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. The aim of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is to guide and evaluate the medicinal therapy, and then optimize the clinical effect of individual dosing regimens. In this work, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with acetylene black (AB) and a Cu (II) metal organic framework (CuMOF) was developed to measure the concentration of IMB. CuMOF with preferable adsorbability and AB with excellent electrical conductivity functioned cooperatively to enhance the analytical determination of IMB. The modified electrodes were characterized using X-rays diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), brunauer‒emmett‒teller (BET) and barrett‒joyner‒halenda (BJH) techniques. Analytical parameters such as the ratio of CuMOF to AB, dropping volumes, pH, scanning rate and accumulation time were investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV). Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic response for IMB detection, and two linear detection ranges were obatined of 2.5 nM-1.0 μM and 1.0–6.0 μM with a detection limit (DL) of 1.7 nM (S/N = 3). Finally, the good electroanalytical ability of CuMOF-AB/GCE sensor facilitated the successful determination of IMB in human serum samples. Due to its acceptable selectivity, repeatability and long-term stability, this sensor shows promising application prospects in the detection of IMB in clinical samples.

Association of HTR1A Gene Polymorphisms with Efficacy and Plasma Concentrations of Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Male Patients with Schizophrenia

“…[23][24][25] Regular monitoring of plasma concentrations and dosage adjustments of drugs can help to reduce side effects in patients. 26 In the present study, we found that HTR1A polymorphisms significantly affected the plasma concentrations of quetiapine versus risperidone, especially at week 6 after monotherapy. This suggests that when taking quetiapine or risperidone as a monoadministration, patients need to be regularly monitored for changes in plasma concentrations, especially in the sixth week of treatment, in order to prevent the occurrence of toxicity due to high plasma concentrations in carriers of the TT phenotype at the rs10042486 locus and the GG phenotype at the rs6295 locus, or plasma concentrations lower than the therapeutic reference concentration range occurring in carriers of the CC phenotype at the rs10042486 locus and the CC genotype at the rs6295 locus.…”