Sensitivity enhancement by organopalladium complexes for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry of alkyltin compounds in organic solvents and its application to the determination of total tin leached from ship paints

Analytical Aspects of Metal Enolates

“…This method was successfully applied to the determinations of organomercury and organoselenium in an extract solution of dolphin liver 283 . Addition of Pd(acac) 2 , among other palladium complexes, enhances the detection sensitivity of graphite furnace AAS for alkyltin compounds in organic solvents; the method was applied to determination of total tin leached from ship paints 284 . For quantitative Xray microanalysis of metal deposits in semithin sections of biological materials, standard samples with known content of the metal element are required.…”

Atomic Absorption, Atomic Emission, and Flame Emission Spectrometry

“…In the latter case the modifier obviously must be soluble in the sample. For the determination of Sn as alkyltin compounds in organic solvents, organopalladium compounds were satisfactory modifiers (205,206). Ion association complexes of Pd, dissolved in an organic solvent, were also used (177,207).…”

Optimisation of tin determination in aqua regia–HF extracts from sediments by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using experimental design

“…Many organic and inorganic compounds have been proposed as chemical modifiers. The most important ones are ammonia, 5 ammonium dihydrogenphosphate, 6 potassium dichromate and ammonium dihydrogenphosphate, 7 palladiumhydroxylamine hydrochloride, 8 organopalladium complexes, 9 palladium and refractory elements, 10 palladium and magnesium nitrate, 11 iridium and magnesium 12 and ruthenium as a permanent modifier. 13 The high efficiency of palladium modifiers is due to the thermally stable compounds formed with volatile elements that prevent pre-atomisation losses.…”