Sensitivity-Enhanced Fiber Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect and Dual In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometers

Wang, Zhenru; Huang, Lin; Liu, Chi; Wang, Haiyong; Sun, Su-Qin; Yang, Di

doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2916891

Cited by 60 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For example, a Vernier effect-based fiber refractometer has been recently reported with a sensitivity of 500 µm/RIU, a record value for this kind of fiber sensor 5 . Thanks to the inherent advantages of fiber optics, the Vernier effect has been successfully used in temperature 6 – 29 , pressure 30 – 35 , refractive index 36 – 44 , strain 45 – 52 , curvature 53 , 54 , displacement 55 , and humidity 56 FOS. Moreover, mature technologies such as focused ion bean and femtosecond laser micromachining 35 , 48 , photonic crystal fibers 7 , 36 , and fiber tapering 4 , 43 , 46 have been effectively used in the construction of highly-sensitive Vernier devices, thus demonstrating the versatility of Vernier-based sensor schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of interferometric structures, Vernier-based FOS have typically utilized Fabry–Perot interferometers 1 , 3 , 6 – 20 , 34 – 38 , 45 – 48 , 55 , 56 , Mach–Zehnder interferometers 29 – 32 , 42 , 51 , 53 , Sagnac interferometers 21 – 25 , 39 , 50 and fiber-optic ring resonators 28 , 40 , 41 , 52 , either connected in parallel or in tandem configurations, depending on the application. Although interferometric arrangements have been the preferred choice for generating the optical Vernier effect, a similar spectral response can be obtained from coupled optical structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vernier effect using in-line highly coupled multicore fibers

Cuando-Espitia

Fuentes-Fuentes

Velázquez-Benítez

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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We demonstrate optical fiber sensors based on highly coupled multicore fibers operating with the optical Vernier effect. The sensors are constructed using a simple device incorporating single-mode fibers (SMFs) and a segment of a multicore fiber. In particular, we evaluated the performance of a sensor based on a seven-core fiber (SCF) spliced at both ends to conventional SMFs, yielding a versatile arrangement for realizing Vernier-based fiber sensors. The SMF–SCF–SMF device can be fabricated using standard splicing procedures and serve as a “building block” for both, reflection and transmission sensing configurations. As demonstrated with our experimental results, the Vernier arrangements can yield a ten-fold increase in sensitivity for temperature measurements compared to a conventional single SMF–SCF–SMF device, thereby confirming the enhanced sensitivity that can be attained with this optical effect. Furthermore, through theoretical analysis, we obtain the relevant parameters that must be optimized in order to achieve an optimal sensitivity for a specific application. Our findings thus provide the necessary guidelines for constructing Vernier-based sensors with all-fiber devices based on highly coupled multicore optical fibers, which constitutes an ideal framework to develop highly sensitive fiber sensors for different applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernier effect using in-line highly coupled multicore fibers

Cuando-Espitia

Fuentes-Fuentes

Velázquez-Benítez

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…In last decade, several fiber optic sensors have been realized and reported for temperature sensing. These interferometers include Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) [1][2][3][4], Long-Period Fiber Grating (LPFG) [5][6][7][8], Mode field interferometers [9,10], Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZI) [11][12][13][14][15][16], Michelson Interferometers (MI) [17,18], Fabry-Perot Interferometers (FPI) [19][20][21][22][23], Hybrid Interferometers (MZI and FPI) [12,14,24], Interferometer composed of Silicon-on-Insulators (SOI) [25], and Surface Plasma Resonance (SPR) [26]. In these configurations, mostly silica is used as a sensing element for temperature measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Polymer Based Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Temperature Sensing

Abbas¹,

Mumtaz²,

Dai³

et al. 2021

PIER Letters

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A highly sensitive temperature sensor based on a polymer cavity of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is experimentally demonstrated. The interferometer gives ease in fabrication, and it can be formed by the induction of a thermos-sensitive polymer layer in between two single mode fibers (SMFs). The polymer is used as an FPI cavity for temperature sensing. Due to high thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and thermos-optic coefficient (TOC) of polymer make the interferometer highly sensitive to ambient temperature. The maximum temperature sensitivity of 2.2209 nm/ • C for the polymer FPI cavity of 40.61 µm in the ambient temperature range of 28 • C to 34 • C is obtained. The proposed sensor shows the advantages of high sensitivity, compactness, simple fabrication, and low cost. Thus, it may become a part of various practical applications in the field of environmental science and engineering sciences.

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“…In Vernier configuration, the superposition generates a signal with a large envelope ( FSR 1_2_ envelope ), see Figure 1 c, showing a much larger wavelength shift (higher sensitivity) than that produced by a single interferometer. The overlap is achieved by connecting the interferometers, usually in a cascaded (series) configuration [ 20 ], but they can also be connected in parallel configuration [ 21 , 22 ]. The critical parameter in order to observe the Vernier effect is that the FSR of the two interference patterns is slightly different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometers Based on a Capillary Hollow-Core Fiber Using Vernier Effect for a Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor

Marrujo-García

Hernández-Romano

May-Arrioja

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this paper, we propose a highly sensitive temperature sensor based on two cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) that work using the Vernier effect. The all-fiber MZIs were assembled by splicing a segment of capillary hollow-core fiber (CHCF) between two sections of multimode fibers (MMFs). This cascaded configuration exhibits a temperature sensitivity of 1.964 nm/°C in a range from 10 to 70 °C, which is ~67.03 times higher than the sensitivity of the single MZI. Moreover, this device exhibits a high-temperature resolution of 0.0153 °C. A numerical analysis was carried out to estimate the devices’ temperature sensitivity and calculate the magnification of the sensitivity produced by the Vernier effect. The numerical results have an excellent agreement with the experimental results and provide a better insight into the working principle of the MZI devices. The sensor’s performance, small size, and easy fabrication make us believe that it is an attractive candidate for temperature measurement in biological applications.

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Sensitivity-Enhanced Fiber Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect and Dual In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometers

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Vernier effect using in-line highly coupled multicore fibers

Vernier effect using in-line highly coupled multicore fibers

Highly Sensitive Polymer Based Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Temperature Sensing

In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometers Based on a Capillary Hollow-Core Fiber Using Vernier Effect for a Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor

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