Sensitivity Encoding for Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging at 3.0 T: Intraindividual Comparative Study

Kuhl, Christiane K.; Gieseke, Jürgen; Falkenhausen, M. von; Textor, J.; Gernert, Sunhild; Sonntag, Christiane; Schild, Hans H.

doi:10.1148/radiol.2342031626

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[26][27][28] Disadvantages of imaging at 3 T include susceptibility artifact and image distortion; but this can be attenuated significantly by parallel imaging techniques, such as SENSE TM (sensitivity encoding). 26,28,29 Field strength should make no difference to the values of FA and ADC obtained, but should improve the accuracy and precision of those measurements. 26,28,30 …”

Section: Mr Field Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Grover

Tognarelli

Crossey

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

299

147

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The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in medical investigation has provided a huge forward leap in the field of diagnosis, particularly with avoidance of exposure to potentially dangerous ionizing radiation. With decreasing costs and better availability, the use of MRI is becoming ever more pervasive throughout clinical practice. Understanding the principles underlying this imaging modality and its multiple applications can be used to appreciate the benefits and limitations of its use, further informing clinical decisionmaking. In this article, the principles of MRI are reviewed, with further discussion of specific clinical applications such as parallel, diffusion-weighted, and magnetization transfer imaging. MR spectroscopy is also considered, with an overview of key metabolites and how they may be interpreted. Finally, a brief view on how the use of MRI will change over the coming years is presented. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2015;5:246-255) T he nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon was first described experimentally by both Bloch and Purcell in 1946, for which they were both awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952.1,2 The technique has rapidly evolved since then, following the introduction of wide-bore superconducting magnets (approximately 30 years ago), allowing development of clinical applications. The first clinical magnetic resonance images were produced in Nottingham and Aberdeen in 1980, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now a widely available, powerful clinical tool. 3,4 This article covers a brief synopsis of basic principles in MRI, followed by an overview of current applications in medical practice.All atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, with a net positive charge. Certain atomic nuclei, such as the hydrogen nucleus, 1 H, or the phosphorus nucleus, 31 P, possess a property known as ''spin'', dependent on the number of protons. This can be conceived as the nucleus spinning around its own axis although this is a mathematical analogy. The nucleus itself does not spin in the classical meaning but by virtue of its constituent parts induces a magnetic moment, generating a local magnetic field with north and south poles. The quantum mechanical description of this dipolar magnet is analogous to classical mechanics of spinning objects. The dipole itself is analogous to a bar magnet, with magnetic poles aligning along its axis of rotation (Figure 1 , ). 5Application of a strong, external magnetic field (B 0 ) aligns the nucleus either in parallel with or perpendicular to the external field. A liquid solution containing many nuclear spins, placed within the B 0 field, will contain nuclear spins in one of two energy states: a low-energy state (oriented parallel to the magnetic field) or a high-energy state (orientated perpendicular to the magnetic field direction). In solids or liquids, there would tend to be an excess of spins in the same direction as B 0 . Although a bar magnet would orientate completely parallel or antiparallel to the field, the nucleus has an...

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Section: Mr Field Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Grover

Tognarelli

Crossey

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

299

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…), evaluated each of the sequences (rFOV, lowresolution fFOV, and high-resolution fFOV) on the following imaging characteristics: anatomic detail, susceptibility and/or susceptibility-induced artifacts; perceived spatial resolution; perceived SNR; and perceived clinical utility. Scoring was performed based a 5-point scale as follows 37,48 : 1 ϭ nondiagnostic, 2 ϭ poor, 3 ϭ satisfactory, 4 ϭ good, and 5 ϭ excellent. Another neuroradiologist (J.B.A.)…”

Section: Radiologic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Field-of-View Diffusion Imaging of the Human Spinal Cord: Comparison with Conventional Single-Shot Echo-Planar Imaging

Zaharchuk¹,

Sarıtaş²,

Andre³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…However, imaging with high-field strength has several challenges, such as image distortion and artifacts (13). However, image distortion and susceptibility artifacts associated with the use of DWI at 3T can be improved by the use of parallel imaging that can reduce the MR image acquisition time and the level of susceptibility artifacts (9,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion‐weighted MR imaging for the evaluation of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: Initial results

Kim

Choi

Park

et al. 2008

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To evaluate the accuracy of T2-weighted (T2WI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as compared with T2WI alone for predicting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods:A total of 30 patients with SVI and 136 patients without SVI who underwent prostate MR imaging were included in the study. MR images were analyzed retrospectively and independently by two readers for SVI on T2WI and T2WI with DWI using a 5-point scale.Results: For predicting SVI, the specificity for T2WI with DWI and for T2WI was 97% and 87%, respectively, and accuracy was 96% and 87%, respectively, as determined by the experienced reader (P Ͻ 0.01). For the less experienced reader, the specificity for T2WI with DWI and for T2WI was 96% and 81%, respectively, and accuracy was 90% and 77%, respectively (P Ͻ 0.01). The diagnostic performance of the less experienced reader with T2WI with DWI led to significant improvement of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) as compared with T2WI alone (Az ϭ 0.815 versus 0.696; P Ͻ 0.01). Interreader agreement showed a substantial agreement ( ϭ 0.613) for T2WI, and a substantial agreement ( ϭ 0.737) for T2WI with DWI. Conclusion:For predicting SVI, T2WI with DWI showed a better diagnostic performance than T2WI alone. Additionally, the accuracy of the less experienced reader using T2WI with DWI showed a significant improvement as compared with T2WI alone.

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Sensitivity Encoding for Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging at 3.0 T: Intraindividual Comparative Study

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Reduced Field-of-View Diffusion Imaging of the Human Spinal Cord: Comparison with Conventional Single-Shot Echo-Planar Imaging

Diffusion‐weighted MR imaging for the evaluation of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: Initial results

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