Sensitivity and specificity of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT CareStatTM) compared with microscopy amongst under five children attending a primary care clinic in southern Nigeria

Ogunfowokan, Oluwagbenga; Ogunfowokan, Bamidele A; Nwajei, A.I.

doi:10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2212

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The specificity of the RDT was lower than that reported by another study in southern Nigeria. This difference may be due to the high false positive rate of the RDT compared with the PCR [2]. The predictive values obtained in this study, apart from the LM PPVs, were in line with another study [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Assessing Asymptomatic Malaria Carriage of Plasmodium falciparum and Non-falciparum Species in Children Resident in Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon

et al. 2021

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Malaria is still a threat to public health as it remains the first endemic disease in the world. It is a pervasive parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical regions where asymptomatic malaria infection among humans serves as a significant reservoir for transmission. A rapid and correct diagnosis is considered to be an important strategy in the control of the disease especially in children, who are the most vulnerable group. This study assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in children at the Nkolbisson health area in Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study design and a convenience sampling plan were used. A total of 127 participants were recruited after informed and signed consent from parents and/or guardians. Blood samples were collected by finger-pricking and venipuncture from children aged 6 months to 10 years and then screened for asymptomatic parasitemia by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), light microscopy (LM) staining with Giemsa and 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for speciation. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. The study identified 85 children who were positive from the PCR, 95 positive from the RDT and 71 from the LM, revealing a malaria prevalence of 66.9%, 74.8% and 55.9%, respectively. The prevalence was not observed to be dependent on the sex and age group of the participants. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species followed by Plasmodium malariae and then Plasmodium ovale. The RDT and LM had the same sensitivity (90.6%) with a slight difference in their specificity (RDT: 57.1%; LM: 54.8%). The RDT also demonstrated higher positive and negative predictive values compared with those of the LM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It is a pervasive parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical regions. It is mostly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America [1,2]. The Sub-Sahara African region accounts for the greatest burden in terms of morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Asymptomatic Malaria Carriage of Plasmodium falciparum and Non-falciparum Species in Children Resident in Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon

et al. 2021

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“…30 Another study in children showed comparable sensitivity in parasite detection although the correlation between the 2 methods of diagnosis was better with high parasite density. 31 Furthermore, the "plus system" of parasitology report is an old method, which is simple but has less accuracy for establishing parasite density in the blood film. 30,32 It is therefore recommended that the actual parasite count per microliter (µ/L) be reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of the Revised National Malaria Control Guidelines: Compliance and Challenges in Public Health Facilities in a Southern Nigerian State

Akpan,

Edet,

Arogundade

et al. 2023

Health�Serv�Insights

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Background: There has been a concerted effort to reduce malaria burden and bring malaria related mortality to zero. The objectives of this survey were to assess the level of adherence to the current revised malaria control guidelines in the public health facilities in Cross River State of Nigeria and to identify the challenges as well as suggest ways for improvement in treatment outcomes. Methods: This was a mixed observational and qualitative survey conducted in 32 public health facilities from 21st to 25th June 2022. Treatment records on malaria were assessed for adherence to the National guidelines. In-depth interviews were conducted with 36 key informants and 4 purposefully selected stakeholders to identify the successes and challenges. Quantitative data were summarized and presented in simple proportions and percentages while qualitative information was recorded, the transcripts thematically coded, analyzed and presented using NVivo 11 software. Results: The survey revealed that vector control program was poorly implemented across the state. For case management, presumptive treatment was frequently practiced especially at secondary health facilities for uncomplicated malaria. More than 60% of uncomplicated malaria were being treated with parenteral artemether instead of oral artemisinin combination therapy (ACTs) as recommended. Severe malaria were not treated with Intravenous (IV) Artesunate as first line drug in about 40% of the secondary health facilities. Key successes were noted in malaria management in pregnancy. Major challenges identified include: stock out of commodities, shortage of clinical man power, and low trust in parasitological diagnosis. Conclusion: The survey showed that adherence to the key recommendations in various categories of malaria control among health care providers in the public health facilities was below expectation. Malaria preventive treatment in pregnancy with SP fared better perhaps because of its inclusion in ANC packages.

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“…Furthermore, T3 was developed to improve surveillance for malaria cases and deaths and help Ministries of Health to determine which areas or population groups are most affected and help target resources where they are most needed. However, the use of malaria diagnostics remains to be limited, and opinions are divided on its utility [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests for the case management of febrile children in Nigerian primary healthcare settings: a cross-sectional study

Ali

Okebe

Oduwole

2022

J. Egypt. Public. Health. Assoc.

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Background Malaria has been identified as a significant public health burden, exhibiting a high risk of death and morbidity. In sub-Saharan Africa, most young children attending primary healthcare facilities are commonly diagnosed with malaria. Thus, introduction of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kits and effective antimalarials has substantially improved the management of malaria cases. However, healthcare worker confidence and adherence to procedures dependent on malaria test results remain variable in high-burden settings due to lacking alternative point-of-care tests to diagnose other causes of fever. In this study, we compared the results of malaria screenings using mRDT and microscopy in febrile children presenting at a primary health facility. Methods This study was conducted at a primary health center in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Children with fever were assessed for malaria by health staff and, where indicated, screened using Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 mRDT kits. Blood samples were collected on slides for microscopy and in hematocrit tubes for hematocrit determination simultaneously, whereas the mRDT test was done by routine health staff. Children found positive for malaria via mRDT were diagnosed as uncomplicated malaria cases and treated as outpatients using artemether-lumefantrine. Blood slides were read independently by two trained microscopists blinded to the mRDT results. The parasite densities were defined as average counts by both microscopists. We then assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of mRDT for the diagnosis of malaria. Results We compared the test results of 250 febrile children who are under 15 years old. The test positivity rates were 93.6% (234/250) and 97.2% (243/250) using microscopy and rapid RDTs, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of mRDT compared to microscopy were 100.0% and 43.8%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 96.3% (95% CI 93.1–98.3). The hematocrit value was <30% in 64% of the children. Conclusion As per our findings, mRDTs have correctly detected infections in febrile children. Healthcare workers and caregivers should be encouraged to act in accordance with the test results by means of regular feedback on the quality of mRDTs in use in malaria case management.

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Sensitivity and specificity of malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT CareStatTM) compared with microscopy amongst under five children attending a primary care clinic in southern Nigeria

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Assessing Asymptomatic Malaria Carriage of Plasmodium falciparum and Non-falciparum Species in Children Resident in Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Assessing Asymptomatic Malaria Carriage of Plasmodium falciparum and Non-falciparum Species in Children Resident in Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Implementation of the Revised National Malaria Control Guidelines: Compliance and Challenges in Public Health Facilities in a Southern Nigerian State

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests for the case management of febrile children in Nigerian primary healthcare settings: a cross-sectional study

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