Sensitivity and Significance of Luminescent Bacteria in Chronic Toxicity Testing Based on Growth and Bioluminescence

Gellert, Georg

doi:10.1006/eesa.1999.1849

Cited by 62 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Very specifically, in the case of the Microtox Ò-test, the sensitivity of the luciferase complex to toxic elements must be considered as a near indicator of a noxious effect. Effect on other parameters such as bacterial growth rate or mortality would be delayed (Gellert, 2000;Fulladosa et al 2005).…”

Section: Combined Heavy Metals Toxicity Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of combined toxicity of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters on Photobacterium phosphoreum T3S

et al. 2016

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This research work is focusing on the toxicities of heavy metals of industrial origin to anaerobic digestion of the industrial wastewater. Photobacterium phosphoreum T3S was used as an indicator organism. The acute toxicities of heavy metals on P. phosphoreum T3S were assessed during 15-min half inhibitory concentration (IC50) as indicator at pH 5.5-6. Toxicity assays involved the assessment of multicomponent mixtures using TU and MTI approaches. The results of individual toxicity indicated that the toxicity of Cd, Cu and Pb on P. phosphoreum increased with increasing concentrations and there was a linear correlation. The 15-min IC 50 values of Cd, Cu and Pb were 0.537, 1.905 and 1.231 mg/L, respectively, and their toxic order was Cd [ Pb [ Cu. The combined effects of Cd, Cu and Pb were assayed by equivalent concentration mixing method. The results showed that the combined effects of Cd ? Cu, Cd ? Pb, Cu ? Pb, Cd ? Cu ? Pb were antagonistic, antagonistic and partly additive. The combined effect of three heavy metals was partly additive.

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Section: Combined Heavy Metals Toxicity Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of combined toxicity of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters on Photobacterium phosphoreum T3S

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, the saturation degree of fatty acids is seen as a potential marker to indicate toxicity. However, since this parameter changes only when bacteria grow (Lo!hagen et al, 1995b;HaK rtig et al, 1999) it takes time for the toxic in#uence to become chronic (Gellert, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of the trans/cis Ratio of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Pseudomonas putida NCTC 10936 as an Indicator of the Acute Toxicity of Chemicals

Loffhagen

Härtig

Babel

2001

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Analogous test-medium dependent results were obtained for heavy metals Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ by Gellert et al . [48] who showed that the sensitivity of V. fischeri growth inhibition test was weakened by the presence of nutrient broth masking the toxicity by complexation. Analogously, in case of recombinant E. coli heavy metal sensor strains the reduced sensitivity of the biosensor in LB medium compared to GGM (glucose-glycerophosphate minimal medium) was observed, probably due to metal chelation or precipitation by LB medium components [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LuxCDABE—Transformed Constitutively Bioluminescent Escherichia coli for Toxicity Screening: Comparison with Naturally Luminous Vibrio fischeri

Kurvet

Ivask

Bondarenko

et al. 2011

Sensors

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We show that in vitro toxicity assay based on inhibition of the bioluminescence of recombinant Escherichia coli encoding thermostable luciferase from Photorhabdus luminescens is a versatile alternative to Vibrio fischeri Microtox™ test. Performance of two luxCDABE-transformed E. coli MC1061 constructs (pDNlux) and (pSLlux) otherwise identical, but having 100-fold different background luminescence was compared with the performance of V. fischeri. The microplate luminometer and a kinetic Flash-Assay test format was used that differently from Microtox test is also applicable for high throughput analysis. Toxic effects (30-s till 30-min EC50) of four heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu) and three organic chemicals (aniline, 3,5-dichloroaniline and 3,5-dichlorophenol) were studied. Both E. coli strains had comparable sensitivity and the respective 30-min EC50 values highly correlated (log-log R2 = 0.99; p < 0.01) showing that the sensitivity of the recombinant bacteria towards chemicals analyzed did not depend on the bioluminescence level of the recombinant cells. The most toxic chemical for all used bacterial strains (E. coli, V. fischeri) was mercury whereas the lowest EC50 values for Hg (0.04–0.05 mg/L) and highest EC50 values for aniline (1,300–1,700 mg/L) were observed for E. coli strains. Despite of that, toxicity results obtained with both E. coli strains (pSLlux and pDNlux) significantly correlated with V. fischeri results (log-log R2 = 0.70/0.75; p < 0.05/0.01). The use of amino acids (0.25%) and glucose (0.05%)-supplemented M9 medium instead of leucine-supplemented saline significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the apparent toxicity of heavy metals to both E. coli strains up to three orders of magnitude, but had little or no complexing effect on organic compounds. Thus, P. luminescens luxCDABE-transformed E. coli strains can be successfully used for the acute toxicity screening of various types of organic chemicals and heavy metals and can replace V. fischeri in certain cases where the thermostability of luciferase >30 °C is crucial. The kinetic Flash Assay test format of the bioluminescence inhibition assay facilitates high throughput analysis. The assay medium, especially in case of testing heavy metals should be a compromise: optimal for the viability/luminescence of the recombinant test strain and of minimum complexing potential.

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Sensitivity and Significance of Luminescent Bacteria in Chronic Toxicity Testing Based on Growth and Bioluminescence

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of combined toxicity of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters on Photobacterium phosphoreum T3S

Assessment of combined toxicity of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters on Photobacterium phosphoreum T3S

Suitability of the trans/cis Ratio of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Pseudomonas putida NCTC 10936 as an Indicator of the Acute Toxicity of Chemicals

LuxCDABE—Transformed Constitutively Bioluminescent Escherichia coli for Toxicity Screening: Comparison with Naturally Luminous Vibrio fischeri

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