Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the sensitivity and recovery of grain sorghum to the simulated drift of glufosinate, glyphosate, and paraquat at two application timings (V6 and flag leaf growth stage). Paraquat drift caused maximum injury to sorghum plants in both years, whereas the lowest injury was caused by glyphosate in 2017. Averaged over all herbicide treatments, injury to grain sorghum from the simulated herbicide drift was 5% greater when herbicides were applied at flag leaf stage, as compared to herbicide applications at the six-leaf stage in 2017. In 2018, injury from glyphosate drift was higher when applied at the six-leaf stage than at the flag leaf stage. Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018. About 21% to 29% of injury from the simulated drift of paraquat led to a 31% reduction in grain sorghum yield, as compared to a nontreated check in 2017. The simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017, possibly due to the recovery of sorghum plants after herbicides’ drift application.

Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) Response to Drift Rates of Glyphosate

“…Similarly it has been determined that 10.7 g a.m. da -1 drift dose of glyphosate reduces potato yield by 46% in Ontario variety and 84% in Paterson variety (Felix et al, 2011). Likewise, yield losses have been reported when sorghum is exposed to drift doses of glyphosate (Hale et al, 2019). Ellis et al (2003) reported glyphosate drift, when applied in the 2-3 leaf stage, reduced rice yield by 67-99%, whereas earing period glyphosate drift reduced corn yield by 29% to 54%.…”

Growth and yield response of peanut to simulated drift of glufosinate at vegetative and reproductive growth stages

“…Off-target herbicide movement equivalent to 1/100 of the labeled rate has caused severe crop injury in susceptible crops (Al-Khatib et al 1993). Sublethal rates of glufosinate applied to simulate drift or off-target movement have been reported to cause injury to various broadleaf agronomic crops (Al-Khatib et al 2003; Ellis and Griffin 2002; Hale et al 2019; Miller et al 2003; Vann et al 2022). Crop injury and yield reduction following simulated drift of glufosinate can vary in magnitude depending on the application rate and stage of crop growth during exposure to the herbicide (Ellis and Griffin 2002; Johnson et al 2012; Miller et al 2003).…”

A survey of problem weeds of sorghum and their management in two sorghum-producing districts of Zimbabwe

“…In contrast, improvements in and adoption of improved weed management technologies have been made in other countries. Such technologies include precision weed management (Partel et al, 2019;Westwood et al, 2018), use of herbicides (Hale et al, 2019;Harker & O'Donovan, 2013), biotechnological approaches (Beckie et al, 2019;Duke, 2003) robotic weeders (Fennimore & Cutulle, 2019;Igawa et al, 2009;Lowenberg-DeBoer et al, 2019;Reiser et al, 2019;Sabanci & Aydin, 2017;Siemens, 2014;Slaughter et al, 2008), automated systems with sensor and computer technologies (Young et al, 2014), crop allelopathy (Alsaadawi et al, 2015;Macías et al, 2019;Trezzi et al, 2016;Uddin et al, 2014), flaming (Stepanovic et al, 2016) and other technologies providing site-specific weed control (Coleman et al, 2019). It is feared that in emerging economies and rural areas, weak technological infrastructure, high costs of technology, low levels of e-literacy and digital skills, weak regulatory framework and limited access to services mean these areas risk being left behind in the digitalization process (Trendov et al, 2019).…”