“…GNSS-IR has the advantage of cancelling out all the atmospheric disturbances as it works on path delay between the direct and reflected signal. The amplitude, phase, and frequency of generated sinusoidal interference at lower elevation angles are the observables that are analyzed in the study of soil moisture and termed as multipath amplitude, multipath phase, and multipath frequency, respectively [1,3,6,13,14]. Signals originated from GPS, GLONASS, and BDS have been mostly analyzed in the study of soil moisture over bare and vegetated soil [3,11,15].…”