Sensitivity analysis of a Ground-Gen Airborne Wind Energy System design

Trevisi, Filippo; Riboldi, C. E. D.; Croce, Alessandro

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042067

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The induction of far wake is however penalizing solutions with high G 0 and high κ 0 , highlighting the need of a trade-off between different disciplines in the design. These considerations, among others, justify the development of the multidisciplinary design, analysis and optimization framework T-GliDe (Trevisi et al (2022b)). In Sect.…”

Section: Explicit Closure Model For the Normalized Torsional Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex model of the airborne wind energy systems aerodynamic wake

Trevisi¹,

Riboldi²,

Croce³

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Understanding and modelling the aerodynamic wake of airborne wind energy systems (AWESs) is crucial for estimating the performance and defining the design of such systems, as tight trajectories increase induced velocities, and thus decrease the available power, while unnecessarily large trajectories increase power losses due to the gravitational potential energy exchange. The aerodynamic wake is here studied with vortex methods, as momentum methods cannot be applied to AWESs in a physically consistent way. The velocities induced at the AWES from a generic helicoidal vortex filament, trailed by a position on the AWES wing, is modelled with an expression for the near vortex filament and one for the far vortex filament. The near vortex filament is modelled as the first half rotation of the helicoidal filament, where its axial component is neglected. The induced drag due to the near wake, built up from near vortex filaments, is found to be similar to the induced drag the AWES would have in forward flight. The far wake is modelled as two semi-infinite vortex rings cascades with opposite intensity. An approximate solution for the induced axial velocity at the AWES is given as function of the radial (known) and axial (unknown) position of the vortex rings. An explicit and an implicit closure model are introduced to link the axial position of the vortex rings with the other quantities of the model. The aerodynamic model, using the implicit closure model for the far wake, is validated with the lifting line free vortex wake method implemented in QBlade. The model is suitable to be used in time-marching aero-servo-dynamic-elastic simulations and in design and optimization studies.

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Section: Explicit Closure Model For the Normalized Torsional Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex model of the airborne wind energy systems aerodynamic wake

Trevisi¹,

Riboldi²,

Croce³

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The induction of the far wake however penalizes solutions with high G 0 and high κ 0 , highlighting the need of a trade-off between different disciplines in the design. These considerations, among others, justify the development of the multidisciplinary design, analysis and optimization framework T-GliDe (Trevisi et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Explicit Closure Model For the Normalized Torsional Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex model of the aerodynamic wake of airborne wind energy systems

2023

Self Cite

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Abstract. Understanding and modeling the aerodynamic wake of airborne wind energy systems (AWESs) is crucial for estimating the performance and defining the design of such systems, as tight trajectories increase induced velocities and thus decrease the available power, while unnecessarily large trajectories increase power losses due to the gravitational potential energy exchange. The aerodynamic wake of crosswind AWESs flying circular trajectories is studied here with vortex methods. The velocities induced at the AWES from a generic helicoidal vortex filament, trailed by a position on the AWES wing, are modeled with an expression for the near vortex filament and one for the far vortex filament. The near vortex filament is modeled as the first half rotation of the helicoidal filament, with its axial component being neglected. The induced drag due to the near wake, built up from near vortex filaments, is found to be similar to the induced drag the AWES would have in forward flight. The far wake is modeled as two semi-infinite vortex ring cascades with opposite intensity. An approximate solution for the axial induced velocity at the AWES is given as a function of the radial (known) and axial (unknown) position of the vortex rings. An explicit and an implicit closure model are introduced to link the axial position of the vortex rings with the other quantities of the model. The aerodynamic model, using the implicit closure model for the far wake, is validated with the lifting-line free-vortex wake method implemented in QBlade. The model is suitable to be used in time-marching aero-servo-elastic simulations and in design and optimization studies.

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“…In Table 1, the parameters describing the selected AWESs are given. The flight mechanics of Zefiro, an ultralight glider, when used as Ground-Gen AWESs is studied by Trevisi et al (2021) and its design is studied by Trevisi et al (2022b). MegAWES refers to the AWES introduced by Eijkelhof and Schmehl (2022).…”

Section: Numerical Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ground-Gen AWESs G is shown at initial and final tether length. (Trevisi et al, 2022b) and MegAWES (Eijkelhof and Schmehl, 2022) are Ground-Gen AWESs, and the Makani MX2 is a Fly-Gen AWES (Tucker, 2020) 1). The Ground-Gen AWES C P is shown at the initial and final tether lengths.…”

Section: Numerical Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining the airborne wind energy system power equations with a vortex wake model

Trevisi,

Riboldi,

Croce

2023

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. The power equations of crosswind Ground-Gen and Fly-Gen airborne wind energy systems (AWESs) flying in circular trajectories are refined to include the contribution from the aerodynamic wake, modeled with vortex methods. This reveals the effect of changing the turning radius, the wing geometry and the aerodynamic coefficients on aerodynamic performances and power production. A novel power coefficient is defined by normalizing the aerodynamic power with the wind power passing through a disk with a radius equal to the AWES wingspan, enabling the comparison of different designs for a given wingspan. The aspect ratio which maximizes this power coefficient is finite, and its analytical expression for an infinite turning radius is derived. By considering the optimal wing aspect ratio, the maximum power coefficient is found, and its analytical expression for an infinite turning radius is derived. Ground-Gen and Fly-Gen AWESs, with the same idealized characteristics, are compared in terms of power production, and later three AWESs from the literature are analyzed. With this modeling framework, Ground-Gen systems are found to have a lower power potential than Fly-Gen AWESs with the same geometry because the reel-out velocity makes Ground-Gen AWESs fly closer to their own wake.

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Sensitivity analysis of a Ground-Gen Airborne Wind Energy System design

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Vortex model of the airborne wind energy systems aerodynamic wake

Vortex model of the airborne wind energy systems aerodynamic wake

Vortex model of the aerodynamic wake of airborne wind energy systems

Refining the airborne wind energy system power equations with a vortex wake model

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