Sensitively Humidity‐Driven Actuator Based on Photopolymerizable PEG‐DA Films

Lv, Chao; Xia, Hong; Shi, Quan; Gong, Wei; Wang, Yingshuai; Chen, Qi‐Dai; Zhang, Yong‐Lai; Liu, Lianqing; Sun, Hong‐Bo

doi:10.1002/admi.201601002

Cited by 108 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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require external stimuli such as high electric fields, or high temperatures and pressures. [7,8] A variety of materials, such as graphene oxide, [9][10][11][12] polymers, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] liquid crystals, [14,29,30] paper, [31,32] and biologically based materials [6][7][8][33][34][35][36] can serve as hygroscopic actuators. [7,8] A variety of materials, such as graphene oxide, [9][10][11][12] polymers, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

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confidence: 99%

Spore‐Based Water‐Resistant Water‐Responsive Actuators with High Power Density

Çakmak

Tinay

Chen

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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require external stimuli such as high electric fields, or high temperatures and pressures. [1,2] These materials can be driven by perturbations to the ambient humidity or with natural fluctuations. [7,8] A variety of materials, such as graphene oxide, [9][10][11][12] polymers, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] liquid crystals, [14,29,30] paper, [31,32] and biologically based materials [6][7][8][33][34][35][36] can serve as hygroscopic actuators. These actuators exhibit curling and folding, [10,14,19] walking, [17,21,24,37] gripping, [18] and power generation functions. [7,8,38] Despite the potential of humidityresponsive materials, relatively low work densities and slow responses limit the scope of applications. Studies of hygroscopic properties of Bacillus spores have shown that these dormant microorganisms exhibit actuation capabilities, with energy densities up to about 20 MJ m −3 , which raise the possibility of using spores as building blocks of macroscopic actuators. [8] However, assembly of spores into larger materials while retaining their actuation performance presents challenges. In particular, because spores do not adhere strongly to each other, approaches that strengthen spore-spore interactions are needed. Therefore, initial demonstrations of spore-based actuators used mixtures of spores with water soluble adhesives. These mixtures were then deposited onto plastic films to create various actuators and energy harvesting devices. [7] However, the resulting materials exhibited low work density and specific work in comparison to individual spores. Importantly, while water soluble adhesives simplify the fabrication process, they are prone to degradation when placed in direct contact with water, making it difficult to use in waterdriven applications. Therefore, different approaches are needed to enhance the work density and robustness of spore-based materials.Here, we report spore-based actuators that use waterresistant UV-curable adhesives and achieve work densities up to 0.44 MJ m −3 , which is an order of magnitude higher than the synthetic humidity-responsive polymers. [22][23][24][25] The water resistance of the spore-based actuators allowed direct waterdriven actuation, which reduced the response times by nearly 100-fold. We also leveraged the UV curability of these adhesives to facilitate rapid fabrication of complex dynamic and/or adaptive structures using photolithography.Bacillus subtilis spores exhibit hygroscopic actuation capabilities (Figure 1c) and have shown high energy densities Active materials and surfaces that are less intrusive and more compatible with humans and their environment are critical for robotic applications. Humidity-and water-responsive materials are emerging as versatile alternatives to commonly used actuators in robotic systems, due to ease of actuation with humidity gradients and pervasiveness of water in the environment. However, these materials exhibit relatively low work densities and slow responses, and they are degraded when placed in ...

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confidence: 99%

Spore‐Based Water‐Resistant Water‐Responsive Actuators with High Power Density

Çakmak

Tinay

Chen

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Moreover, the flipping frequency at ambient temperature (30 °C) is as high as 65 r min ‐1 , which is about seven times of the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate films at 50 °C. [ 41 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 3b, when the finger approached from the bottom, the film responded in one second and bent upward, and the film completely bent within 5s as the finger gradually approached (Movie S3, Supporting Information), the bending amplitude is much larger than previously reported. [ 41,46 ] When the finger approached from the top, the film could also respond quickly and returned to its original state within 6 s (Figure S7, Supporting Information). It should be noted that compared with the previously reported film [ 46 ] that can only be curled on the palm, the PVA film successfully achieved rapid flipping on the palm, and the time required for flipping was only 1/4 of that previously reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 38 ] An agarose‐based polymer film was demonstrated to be able to exhibit fast motion driven by humidity gradient. [ 41 ] In addition, a carbon nitride‐based polymer film was developed to respond quickly to small fluctuations in ambient humidity upon heating or light irradiation. [ 45 ] Recently, Jiang et al [ 46 ] developed a reduced graphene oxide/dopamine film as a water gradient driven actuator capable of transporting goods that are 42 times heavier than itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinspired Poly(vinyl alcohol) Film Actuator Powered by Water Evaporation under Ambient Conditions

Wang

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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Soft humidity‐responsive materials are highly desirable for applications such as actuators, sensors, generators, and soft robots. However, it remains a huge challenge to develop a durable, cost‐effective, fast responsive version of such a smart material powered by water evaporation at ambient conditions. Herein, this challenge is addressed to demonstrate sustained response to humidity gradient from ambient water evaporation by using common poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film as an actuator. The resultant PVA film displays strong mechanical properties in both dry and wet conditions, which cause rapid adsorption and desorption of water vapor to drive the film undergoing swift locomotion with flipping frequency of up to 65 r min‐1. Based on these features, a mimosa inspired humidity‐responsive actuator is developed which is far superior in response speed and durability than real mimosa. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the film actuator can convert water evaporation energy into electricity when attached to a piezoelectric element.

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“…However, the intrinsic drawbacks including the side‐effect of nonresponsive layer, the weak bonding force between two layers, and the complicated and time‐consuming fabrication process are still limiting the development of shape deformation subjects strictly. In addition, most of the reported devices are just simple planar sheets instead of 3D objects with shape deformations . Therefore, how to achieve complex 3D architectures with an extremely simple method for shape‐morphing and actuation still remains a challenging topic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Hydrogel Architectures with Complex and Controllable Shape Deformation

Yan

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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Facile preparation of architectures with precise control of shape deformations are crucial challenges due to the complicated process technique and harsh demands of the active materials. To address, the emerging 3D printing is employed to one‐step build programmable hydrogel architectures composed of only one type of material to perform various complex 3D shape deformations. The basic principle is that the secondary microstructures are introduced in the side of hydrogel strips and result in the bending or twisting deformations due to the asymmetrical swelling. With the merits of freeform design and fabrication, various hydrogel architectures including strips, sheets, and 3D objects are built with stereolithography‐based 3D printing, which realize the complex and controllable shape deformations via the programed microstructures on feature surfaces, such as bending, twisting, and even mimicking plant cirrus or petals. Most importantly, various responsive hydrogels are compatible to the approach, which can thus achieve stimuli‐reversible shape deformations. As proof‐of‐concept, a thermal‐responsive hydrogel gripper is readily realized to perform transportation by thermal‐induced grasping and releasing items. The facile 3D printing approach yet versatile in various hydrogels makes it broad opportunities for soft robotics, tissue engineering, actuators, and other devices where programmable shape deformations are required.

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Sensitively Humidity‐Driven Actuator Based on Photopolymerizable PEG‐DA Films

Cited by 108 publications

References 50 publications

Spore‐Based Water‐Resistant Water‐Responsive Actuators with High Power Density

Spore‐Based Water‐Resistant Water‐Responsive Actuators with High Power Density

Bioinspired Poly(vinyl alcohol) Film Actuator Powered by Water Evaporation under Ambient Conditions

3D Printing of Hydrogel Architectures with Complex and Controllable Shape Deformation

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