“…The result of the PEO process was polycrystalline M x O y :D z coating where dopant ion creates luminescence. [7,32,33] In our previous works we have created Ruby (𝛼-Al 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ ), [34] Ti-Sapphire (𝛼-Al 2 O 3 :Ti 3+ ), [35] 𝛾-Al 2 O 3 :Sm 2+ , [36] 𝛾-Al 2 O 3 :Eu 2+ , [37] and various Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , ZnO, TiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , and HfO 2 coatings, [32] with various Ln or TM dopants. However, the creation of luminescent coatings by the addition of a luminescent powder had not been tested, and it was unclear whether such doping would affect the morphology and phase, or if it would incorporate its particles within the coatings or would it dissolve and incorporate its constituents.…”