Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Bromate-Bromide Mixture as an Eco-Friendly Brominating Agent

Prashanth, Kudige N.; Basavaiah, K.

doi:10.1155/2012/810156

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium behaves as an equivalent solution of bromine and has been used for the assay of several organic pharmaceutical compounds [30][31][32][33]. From the preliminary experiments, FFH was found to undergo bromination reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Bromate-Bromide Mixture as a Green Brominating Agent for the Determination of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Ms¹,

Cs²,

K³

2018

JAPLR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study describes one titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods for the determination of fexofenadine hydrochloride (FFH) in bulk drug and in tablets based on bromination of FFH by bromine generated in situ by the action of acid on bromate-bromide mixture. In titrimetry, FFH is treated with a known excess amount of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium followed by the determination of unreacted bromine iodometrically (method A). In spectrophotometry, the residual bromine is determined by its reaction with excess iodide and the liberated iodine (I 3 ̶ ) is either measured at 360nm (method B) or iodine reacted with starch followed by the measurement of the blue colored starch-iodide complex at 570nm (method C). Titrimetry allows the determination over the range of 4.5-30.0mg FFH whereas in spectrophotometry, Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges of 2-20.0 and 0.6-6.0μg mL -1 FFH for method B and method C, respectively. The molar absorptivities are calculated to be 2.2x10 4 and 5.3x10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 for method B and method C, respectively, and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity values are 0.0238 and 0.0101µg cm -2 . The limits of detection and quantification are also reported for both the spectrophotometric methods. The proposed methods were applied successfully to the determination of FFH in raw material and commercial tablets. Statistical comparison of the results was performed using Student's t-test and F-ratio at 95% confidence level and there was no significant difference between the official and proposed methods with regard to accuracy and precision. Further, the validity of the proposed methods was confirmed by recovery studies via standard addition technique.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Bromate-Bromide Mixture as a Green Brominating Agent for the Determination of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Ms¹,

Cs²,

K³

2018

JAPLR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Five pre-weighed tablets were crushed; the equivalent weight of a tablet was weighed out and dissolved in 100ml volumetric flask and filtered. The absorbance reading was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer at 273 nm 4 .…”

Section: Absolute Drug Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro-in Vivo Bio-Equivalence Correlation Study of Atenolol, and Its Brands of Immediate Release Tablet Under Bio-Waiver Conditions

Ahmed

2020

Univ J Pharm Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of present study is to examine the in-vitro-in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) of immediate release product. Atenolol 100mg and its brands of immediate release dosage forms. Atenolol is clearly classified into BCS class III, and could be evaluated under bio waiver conditions. The in vitro parameters employed were hardness, weight uniformity, friability, disintegration time, absolute drug content, dissolution rate (in 0.1 N Hydrochloric acid, phosphate buffer and acetate buffer at 37ºC), and dissolution efficiencies were also analyzed. The in-vitro dissolution study was performed on the brands, according to FDA,USP dissolution profile in three different PH (1.2),(4.5), and (6.8) at 37ºC, using the USP apparatus II, then f1, f2 were determined for the time intervals of 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, and dissolution efficiencies were calculated. MINITAB 14 statistical program used for in vitro-in vivo correlation, level A was done for reference product. A non linear relation was established which is typical for immediate release formulation, of class III. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 3.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Hayriye Eda Şatana Kara Affiliation: Gazi University, Turkey E-mail: eda@gazi.edu.tr Name: Dr. Nicola Micale Affiliation: University of Messina, Italy E-mail: nmicale@unime.it Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: FAST DISSOLVING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: FORMULATION, PREPARATION TECHNIQUES AND EVALUATION FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS: A PROMISING APPROACH FOR DRUG DELIVERY DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING THIN FILMS OF ARIPIPRAZOLE TABLET GRANULATION: CURRENT SCENARIO AND RECENT ADVANCES

show abstract

“…It is necessary to develop analytical methods for the determination of drug in commercial dosage forms because of the great use of drug. Several analytical methods have been reported which are based on the bromination reaction of ATN with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium [5,6] or based on the oxidation of the ATN by a known excess of cerric (IV) in acid medium [7], or titration of the drug in glacial acetic acid with acetous perchloric acid to the visual end point using crystal violet as indicator [8]. UV spectrophotometric methods with sensitive titrimetric used for determination of ATN in tablet formulations [9].…”

Section: Scheme 1: Chemical Structur Of Atenololmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol Using Indigo Carmine Dye

Saleem¹

2019

KUJSS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of atenolol in both pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulation. The method is based on the oxidation of atenolol with chromate in acidic medium of 1N H 2 SO 4 , the residual amount of oxidizing agent is then reacted with indigo carmine dye in the presence of oxalate as a catalyst, the increase in the absorbance of the dye, which is proportional to the amount of the determinants atenolol is then measured at 610 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 30-1500 µg/25 ml with a molar absorptivity of 0.73×10 4 l.mol-1 .cm-1 , Sandell's sensitivity index of 0.364 μg.cm-2 , and a relative standard deviation of ± 0.263 to ± 0.376% depending on the concentration level. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.3259 and 1.0863 μg ml −1 , respectively. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the determination of atenolol in pure and pharmaceutical preparation.

show abstract

Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Bromate-Bromide Mixture as an Eco-Friendly Brominating Agent

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Application of Bromate-Bromide Mixture as a Green Brominating Agent for the Determination of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Application of Bromate-Bromide Mixture as a Green Brominating Agent for the Determination of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

In Vitro-in Vivo Bio-Equivalence Correlation Study of Atenolol, and Its Brands of Immediate Release Tablet Under Bio-Waiver Conditions

Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol Using Indigo Carmine Dye

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About