Sensitive, simple and rapid colorimetric detection of malachite green in water, salmon and canned tuna samples based on gold nanoparticles

Abstract

BACKGROUND Malachite green is used in aquaculture and fisheries as a fungicide and antiseptic and it is also used in industry as a dye. However, malachite green is carcinogenic and highly toxic for humans and animals. In this study, a spectrophotometric method was developed to detect malachite green. The method was based on the surface plasmon resonance property of gold nanoparticles and interaction between malachite green and gold nanoparticles. RESULTS Malachite green–gold nanoparticles were rapidly aggregated in the acidic medium; as a result, a color change from red to blue was observed, which was easily detectable by the naked eye. The absorption ratio (A623/A520) of the gold nanoparticles in an optimized system exhibited a linear correlation with malachite green concentration. The method detection limit and linear range were 3 and 50–350 ng mL−1, respectively. The method was applied successfully to detect malachite green in different samples. CONCLUSION The method was simple and rapid to detect malachite green. The most important advantages of the method are the possibility of malachite green determination with very good accuracy and sensitivity using a simple UV–visible spectrometer without any expensive or sophisticated instrumentation and also the versatility of real samples. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

Protective Effect of Emblica officinalis in Cyprinus carpio against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Malachite Green: Ultrastructural and Molecular Analysis

“…Significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated CYP1A mRNA expression was noticed, which is in conformity to biochemical results of other xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme (XME) enzymes (GST) of the present study. The depressed CYP1A expression can be related to toxicant mediated inhibition of the gene activity [12]. Later, Dhamgaye et al [62] have reported MG as a substrate for CYP1A and credited the xenobiotic metabolism of MG into Leuco-MG (LMG) [63,64].…”

“…The unrestricted release of dye effluents in water poses non-targeted toxicity to the fish and aquatic organisms, affecting their vision, physiology, genetic constitution, and histology [6][7][8][9]. Despite its reported toxicity, it is still being used illegally in many Asian countries (India and Bangladesh) as an aquaculture therapeutant in Saprolegniasis and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection [10][11][12][13][14]. MG has been reported to severely affect the aquatic biota due to its non-biodegradable nature and tendency to bio accumulate [15,16].…”

Detection of Salt Content in Canned Tuna by Impedance Spectroscopy: A Feasibility Study for Distinguishing Salt Levels

“…While certain reagents can enhance sensitivity and specificity for detection, they often lead to a more complex and costly detection process. For instance, gold nanoparticles can be used to detect color changes via UV-vis spectroscopy, associated with alterations in surface plasmon resonance properties as they aggregate in the presence of specific fungicides in canned tuna [ 49 ]. Similarly, metal-organic frameworks with high affinity to Hg can be employed to detect toxic Hg 2+ ions in canned tuna fish [ 50 ].…”

A Rapid Tricolour Immunochromatographic Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Tricaine and Malachite Green

“…Herein, a fast and sensitive detection of TMS in three types of matrices (aquaculture water, fish and shrimp) was realised by the developed TS-DTL system, the TMS LOD (11.0–61.4 ng/mL) was over 16 times lower than the TMS residue limit of the USA (1 μg/mL). There have been various detection methods for MG, as shown in Table 1 , and the LODs of MG have varied from 0.31 to 339.37 ng/mL based on different determination strategies [ 16 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The quantitative sensitivity of MG by the TS-DTL method was better than that of the ICTS based on orange carbon dots [ 16 ] and fluorescence method [ 30 ], but inferior to the ELISA [ 31 ] and colorimetry methods [ 32 ].…”

“…There have been various detection methods for MG, as shown in Table 1 , and the LODs of MG have varied from 0.31 to 339.37 ng/mL based on different determination strategies [ 16 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The quantitative sensitivity of MG by the TS-DTL method was better than that of the ICTS based on orange carbon dots [ 16 ] and fluorescence method [ 30 ], but inferior to the ELISA [ 31 ] and colorimetry methods [ 32 ]. Overall, the TS-DTL system developed in this study could not only realise the simultaneous detection of TMS and MG but also be applicable to fish, shrimp matrices and related aquaculture water.…”