2016
DOI: 10.7554/elife.12727
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Sensitive red protein calcium indicators for imaging neural activity

Abstract: Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) allow measurement of activity in large populations of neurons and in small neuronal compartments, over times of milliseconds to months. Although GFP-based GECIs are widely used for in vivo neurophysiology, GECIs with red-shifted excitation and emission spectra have advantages for in vivo imaging because of reduced scattering and absorption in tissue, and a consequent reduction in phototoxicity. However, current red GECIs are inferior to the state-of-the-art GFP-ba… Show more

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Cited by 877 publications
(855 citation statements)
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“…Simultaneous efforts have focused on the development of compounds with enhanced multiphoton properties [51]. In addition, improved red-shifted calcium indicators with advantages for deep in vivo imaging are being designed to rival the sensitivity of GCaMP6 [26]. Together, the characterization of existing contrast agents and the development of novel chromophores for MPM will identify and produce probes that are sufficiently bright and photostable to overcome background fluorescence and scattering in vivo .…”
Section: Availability Of Fluorophoresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Simultaneous efforts have focused on the development of compounds with enhanced multiphoton properties [51]. In addition, improved red-shifted calcium indicators with advantages for deep in vivo imaging are being designed to rival the sensitivity of GCaMP6 [26]. Together, the characterization of existing contrast agents and the development of novel chromophores for MPM will identify and produce probes that are sufficiently bright and photostable to overcome background fluorescence and scattering in vivo .…”
Section: Availability Of Fluorophoresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Localization sequences further restrict gene expression to distinct cellular compartments such as the nucleus (via one or more nuclear localization signals (NLS)) (Fig. 2), cytosol (via a nuclear exclusion signal (NES) 58 ), or cell membrane (via farnesylation 55 , the CD4-2 59 transmembrane (TM) targeting domain, or PDZ 60 protein-protein interaction domains) (Fig. 3d).…”
Section: Refer Tomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The activity of neurons can be assessed through the use of different genetically encoded indicators of neural activity (Grienberger and Konnerth 2012;Masuyama et al 2012;Broussard et al 2014;Fosque et al 2015;Gao et al 2015;Dana et al 2016). For example, genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) increase their fluorescence as calcium levels rise in active neurons.…”
Section: Assessing Functional Connectivity Among Neuronsmentioning
confidence: 99%