Sensitive luminescence techniques to study the early stages of polymer oxidation

Colwell, John M.; Nikolić, Melissa; Bottle, Steven E.; George, Graeme A.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.010

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In conclusion, the above works have successfully provided a sensitive and easy-to-detect approach in the induction period of polymer aging. However, the loss of fluorescence emissions cannot be avoided in a long-term aging condition due to the stability of the predoped fluorescent probes in the harsh environment involving heat, light, oxygen, and high concentration of radicals. , Some doubts also existed that the doped fluorescent probes might affect the aging of polymers. To this end, alternative approaches are needed to take a further step toward the clarification of aging for polymers that do not dope fluorophores and indicate the intrinsic aging phenomenon sensitively and accurately.…”

Section: Sensitive Characterization For Early-induction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, it is difficult to study the features for the aged polymers in such an early stage. Concretely, the defining and measuring of this period are highly dependent on the sensitivity of the proposed measuring technique . In other word, the more sensitive is the measuring technique, the shorter is this induction period …”

Section: Sensitive Characterization For Early-induction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, photoisomerization of the stilbene fluorophore also resulted in low fluorescence of TMDBIO. Similarly, the 4 and 5 molecules containing both nitroxide and hindered phenol groups have been designed, and they acted as both stabilizer and fluorescent sensors in the thermo-oxidation of polymers. , However, these PFNs still faced difficulties such as unsatisfactory chemical-, thermal-, and photo- stability under heat and UV light.…”

Section: Sensitive Characterization For Early-induction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the induction stage of polymer aging, oxidation, hydrolysis, and pyrolysis reactions were initiated by external factors . Functional groups were generated in this stage, which were regarded as signals to recognize the tiny variations in the polymer chains in an induction stage.…”

Section: Sensitive Characterization For Early-induction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End

Tian

Lin

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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Polymers have been widely applied in various fields in the daily routines and the manufacturing. Despite the awareness of the aggressive and inevitable aging for the polymers, it still remains a challenge to choose an appropriate characterization strategy for evaluating the aging behaviors. The difficulties lie in the fact that the polymer features from the different aging stages require different characterization methods. In this review, we present an overview of the characterization strategies preferable for the initial, accelerated, and late stages during polymer aging. The optimum strategies have been discussed to characterize the generation of radicals, variation of functional groups, substantial chain scission, formation of low-molecular products, and deterioration in the polymers' macro-performances. In view of the advantages and the limitations of these characterization techniques, their utilization in a strategic approach is considered. In addition, we highlight the structure−property relationship for the aged polymers and provide available guidance for lifetime prediction. This review could allow the readers to be knowledgeable of the features for the polymers in the different aging stages and provide access to choose the optimum characterization techniques. We believe that this review will attract the communities dedicated to materials science and chemistry.

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Section: Sensitive Characterization For Early-induction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitive Characterization For Early-induction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitive Characterization For Early-induction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitive Characterization For Early-induction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End

Tian

Lin

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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“…Pro‐fluorescent nitroxides are thus used to study the formation of polymer alkyl radicals during PP thermo‐ or photo‐oxidation and also during the melt blending of this matrix . In these studies, pro‐fluorescent nitroxides are regarded as integrating sensors of the chemical modification occurring during the early stage of polymer oxidation especially before the extensive degradation of the matrix evidenced by other techniques such as for example chemiluminescence or infrared spectroscopy . It was also observed that the addition of free nitroxides, during the thermo‐ or photo‐oxidation as well as during the melt blending of PP, has the positive role of stabilizing the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Nrc Reaction In Peroxide‐initiated Post‐polymerization Modifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐polymerization modification by nitroxide radical coupling

Coiai

Passaglia

Cicogna

2018

Polymer International

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Post‐polymerization modification is an attractive approach to extend applications and convert commodity plastics into products with new, desirable and tunable properties. Among the post‐polymerization modification methods, the nitroxide radical coupling (NRC) reaction has been shown to be a convenient and versatile way to graft specific functionalities onto polymer chains and to control the onset and yield of polymer crosslinking during peroxide‐initiated processes. The use of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) and its derivatives as controllers of scorch in crosslinking and as functionalizers in functionalization reactions is thoroughly described. Examples are also given of graft polymerization from macroalkoxyamines generated by NRC and grafting of nitroxides by irradiation processes. In addition, in this review we attempt to demonstrate the broad applications of the NRC reaction in the preparation of polymers with a multitude of functionalities and elaborate architectures. The examples discussed here concern the use of atom transfer and single electron transfer NRC reactions to design a variety of polymers with asymmetrical structure and the use of the radical crossover reaction, based on the alkoxyamine dynamic covalent bond, to generate reversible polymer structures and switchable functional polymers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Polyaromatic Profluorescent Nitroxide Probes with Enhanced Photostability

Lussini

Blinco

Fairfull‐Smith

et al. 2015

Chemistry A European J

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Novel profluorescent mono- and bis-isoindoline nitroxides linked to napthalimide and perylene diimide structural cores are described. These nitroxide-fluorophore probes display strongly suppressed fluorescence in comparison to their corresponding non-radical diamagnetic methoxyamine derivatives. The perylene-based probe possessing two isoindoline systems tethered through ethynyl linkages was shown to be the most photostable in solution, demonstrating significantly enhanced longevity over the 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene fluorophore used in previous profluorescent nitroxide probes.

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Sensitive luminescence techniques to study the early stages of polymer oxidation

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End

Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End

Post‐polymerization modification by nitroxide radical coupling

Polyaromatic Profluorescent Nitroxide Probes with Enhanced Photostability

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