Sensitive immunoassay for simultaneous determination of tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether and tetrabromobisphenol A mono(hydroxyethyl) ether: An effective and reliable strategy to estimate the typical tetrabromobisphenol A derivative and byproduct in aquatic environments

Abstract

a b s t r a c tTetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (TBBPA DHEE), as one of the TBBPA derivatives, is frequently applied as a flame retardant. To date, however, little evidence has been gathered regarding its environmental behavior and fate. This is mainly attributed to the lack of an analytical approach available to measure it. Mass spectrometry cannot determine levels of TBBPA DHEE. LC-MS could not ionize TBBPA DHEE to yield enough fragments, while GC-MS could not be applied for the analysis either, due to the thermal degradation of TBBPA DHEE. We here designed a novel hapten, then conjugated it with a carrier protein and produced a type of polyclonal antibody capable of recognizing TBBPA DHEE. Based on this approach, a sensitive and high-throughput indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established. The respective detection limit (LOD, based on 90% B/B 0 ) and IC 50 calculated from the standard curve were 0.702 and 9.868 ng/mL for TBBPA DHEE. And the established method showed good tolerance to various matrix interferents. Using our ELISA, we measured the concentrations of these substances from environmental water samples with no pretreatment other than filtration. We found the presence of TBBPA DHEE in environmental water samples collected in Jiangsu province, and the detected concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 7.7 ng/mL. Our proposed method here could be applied to completely and systematically investigate TBBPA DHEE and TBBPA MHEE concentrations in environmental samples.

Strong and oriented conjugation of nanobodies onto magnetosomes for the development of a rapid immunomagnetic assay for the environmental detection of tetrabromobisphenol-A

“…TBBPA is a currently intensively used brominated flame retardant showing widespread environmental and human exposures. Due to its high lipophilicity and persistence, TBBPA could be detected in wastewater [26], fresh surface water [27,28] and sediments [29].…”

Tetrabromobisphenol-A-Bis(dibromopropyl ether) Flame Retardant in Eggs, Regurgitates, and Feces of Herring Gulls from Multiple North American Great Lakes Locations

“…19,23,26,27 However, recent reports have shown that TBBPA-BDBPE is present in abiotic and biotic environmental samples including in the particulate phase of Great Lakes air samples. 5,26,28,29 In the current study, we first suspected that TBBPA-BDBPE was present in fractions of herring gull eggs from Double Island (northern Lake Huron) collected in 2014, where an unknown bromide anion responsive peak was detected in GC-MS(ECNI) mass chromatograms. This unidentified peak matched well with the GC retention time of a TBBPA-BDBPE technical product and was eluted after BDE-209 and DBDPE, which was consistent with a previous report.…”

Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

“…Instrument detection limits ranged from 0.12 to 0.19 μg/L, which were generally lower than other methods. Zhang et al reported a new immunoassay for tetrabromobisphenol A bis­(2-hydroxyethyl)­ether and tetrabromobisphenol A mono­(hydroxyethyl ether) . This method helped to overcome some obstacles with LC-MS and GC/MS methods and demonstrated detection limits down to 0.702 μg/L.…”