Sensitive flow-injection technique for the determination of dissolved organic carbon in natural and waste waters

Edwards, R. T.; McKelvie, Ian D.; Ferrett, P.C.; Hart, Barry T.; Bapat, Jayant; Koshy, Kanayathu

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(92)80204-k

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…81±86 In addition, carbon dioxide has been measured spectrophotometrically: the gas is driven off by heating, permeates a PTFE membrane and redissolves into a phenolphthalein solution. 87 The shift in absorbance indicates the amount of carbon dioxide. Ion chromatography has also been applied to the determination of the TOC concentration; the carbonate is detected after combustion.…”

Section: Other Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total organic carbon analyzers as tools for measuring carbonaceous matter in natural waters

Urbansky

2001

J. Environ. Monitor.

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For some utilities, new US drinking water regulations may require the removal of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor material as a means of minimizing DBP formation. The Environmental Protection Agency's Stage 1 DBP Rule relies on total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations as a measure of the effectiveness of treatment techniques for removing organic material that could act as DBP precursors. Accordingly, precise and accurate methods are needed for the determination of TOC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in raw and finished potable water supplies. This review describes the current analytical technologies and summarizes the key factors affecting measurement quality. It provides a look into the fundamental principles and workings of TOC analyzers. Current peroxydisulfuric acid wet ashing methods and combustion methods are discussed. Issues affecting quality control, such as non-zero blanks and preservation, are covered. Some of the difficulties in analyzing water for TOC and DOC that were identified up to 20 years ago still remain problematic today. Limitations in technology, reagent purity, operator skill and knowledge of natural organic matter (NOM) can preclude the level of precision and accuracy desirable for compliance monitoring.

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Section: Other Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total organic carbon analyzers as tools for measuring carbonaceous matter in natural waters

Urbansky

2001

J. Environ. Monitor.

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“…However, SCFA methods utilising wet oxidation have been shown to be effective for seawater analysis when appropriate quality assurance protocols are applied [175]. Photo-oxidation has also been used in SCFA [176], FIA [177] and SIA [178] for complete oxidation followed by photometric detection of the released CO 2 that passed through a gas diffusion into an indicator acceptor stream. However chloride in seawater is oxidized to chlorine during photo-oxidation, and this also diffuses through the GD membrane, interfering in the photometric detection.…”

Section: Total and Dissolved Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow injection analysis as a tool for enhancing oceanographic nutrient measurements—A review

Worsfold

Clough

Lohan

et al. 2013

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…Among the early examples, one can find, for instance, UV irradiation in a segmented flow system for the determination of total cyanide using photometric detection [196]. As for flow-injection systems, one can indicate the determination of chloroorganic compounds using UV digestion and released chloride measurement using potentiometric detection with an ion-selective electrode [221], as well as measurements of dissolved organic carbon after oxidation in a UV reactor [222]. In an FIA system already mentioned for the speciation of nitrogen [118], nitrogen-containing compounds (organic compounds, nitrite, and ammonium ions) were oxidized in a flow-through UV reactor (Figure 5a).…”

Section: On-line Processes Supporting Flow Analysis and Flow Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Chemistry in Contemporary Chemical Sciences: A Real Variety of Its Applications

Trojanowicz

2020

Molecules

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Flow chemistry is an area of contemporary chemistry exploiting the hydrodynamic conditions of flowing liquids to provide particular environments for chemical reactions. These particular conditions of enhanced and strictly regulated transport of reagents, improved interface contacts, intensification of heat transfer, and safe operation with hazardous chemicals can be utilized in chemical synthesis, both for mechanization and automation of analytical procedures, and for the investigation of the kinetics of ultrafast reactions. Such methods are developed for more than half a century. In the field of chemical synthesis, they are used mostly in pharmaceutical chemistry for efficient syntheses of small amounts of active substances. In analytical chemistry, flow measuring systems are designed for environmental applications and industrial monitoring, as well as medical and pharmaceutical analysis, providing essential enhancement of the yield of analyses and precision of analytical determinations. The main concept of this review is to show the overlapping of development trends in the design of instrumentation and various ways of the utilization of specificity of chemical operations under flow conditions, especially for synthetic and analytical purposes, with a simultaneous presentation of the still rather limited correspondence between these two main areas of flow chemistry.

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Sensitive flow-injection technique for the determination of dissolved organic carbon in natural and waste waters

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Total organic carbon analyzers as tools for measuring carbonaceous matter in natural waters

Total organic carbon analyzers as tools for measuring carbonaceous matter in natural waters

Flow injection analysis as a tool for enhancing oceanographic nutrient measurements—A review

Flow Chemistry in Contemporary Chemical Sciences: A Real Variety of Its Applications

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