Sensitive Determination of Folic Acid using a Solid Bismuth Microelectrode by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract

An adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure of folic acid determination with the use of a new voltammetric sensor with a prolonged application‐solid bismuth microelectrode was described. The proposed microelectrode is characterized by more eco‐friendly properties as compared to in situ formed bismuth film electrodes due to the fact that bismuth ions are not needed as a component of supporting electrolyte for metal film plating. Furthermore the above mentioned fact simplifies and shortens a measurements procedure. Parameters affected folic acid determination were studied. After a procedure optimization the calibration graph was found to be linear in the range: 5×10−10 to 1×10−8 mol L−1 (accumulation time: 120 s). The obtained detection limit of folic acid determination for accumulation time of 120 s was 1.8×10−10 mol L−1. Possible interferences deriving from a presence of other organic and surface active compounds were studied. The analysis of pharmaceutical preparation was positively performed following the presented procedure.

The Use of a Solid Bismuth Microelectrode for Vanadium Quantification by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry in Environmental Water Samples

“…The conventional three-electrode quartz cell was utilized, which was composed of a solid bismuth microelectrode as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl/saturated NaCl as a reference electrode and platinum wire as an auxiliary electrode. Details of the design of the solid bismuth microelectrode are given elsewhere [ 1 ]. Before each series of measurements, the working electrode was carefully polished in a figure eight motion on 2500 silicon carbide paper and sonicated for 30 s in an ultrasonic bath (Sonic-3, Polsonic, Poland) to remove any polishing residue.…”

“…A solid bismuth microelectrode is a miniaturized sensor that was introduced to the stripping analysis of both metal ions and organic compounds by Geca et al in 2020 [ 1 , 2 ]. In this novel electrode, melted metallic bismuth is placed within a glass capillary whose thickness and diameter are 5 mm and 25 µm, respectively.…”

“…It should also be emphasized that the use of a microelectrode as a working electrode gives the possibility of miniaturization of the measuring system, as well as making it possible to carry out the analysis at the location of the sampling. Besides, since the capacitive current in the microelectrodes is limited to a minimum, the use of miniaturized sensors allows obtaining a more favorable signal-to-noise ratio compared to the use of classic macroelectrodes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Tl(I) Determination with the Use of a Solid Bismuth Microelectrode

“…A working solid bismuth microelectrode of a diameter of 25 μm was constructed in a manner proposed in. 21 Shortly, melted metallic bismuth was placed in a heavy wall glass capillary of an inner diameter of 25 μm; such a prepared capillary was pushed into a PEEK casing. A working microelectrode was polished daily using an abrasive paper of 2500 grit and then sonicated in water for thirty seconds using an ultrasonic cleaner (Sonic-3, Polsonic, Poland).…”

“…Thallium ions were so far determined with the use of silver electrode, 17 silver-gold alloy electrode 18,19 and bismuth bulk annular band electrode. 20 In the present paper we first report the utilization of a previously proposed 21 solid bismuth microelectrode for anodic stripping voltammetry in the course of Tl(I) ions determination. The proposed solid bismuth microelectrode (φ 25 μm) is more environmentally friendly sensor in comparison to bismuth film electrodes as bismuth ions are not added to the supporting electrolyte for bismuth film formation.…”