Sensitive detection of ionic organolead compounds by coupling hydride generation (HG) with transversely heated graphite atomizer-atomic absorption spectrometry (THGA-AAS)

Determination of organic lead in soils and waters by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

“…9,10 The hydrides of lead are regarded as unstable compounds. 4 However, in contrast to inorganic lead, the alkylated compounds form more stable hydride products 11 which can easily be separated from the matrix. This opens up the possibility to detect organolead compounds in the presence of large amounts of inorganic lead.…”

“…This is due to the greater stability of the hydride products from methyllead. 11 The low detection limits of the organolead compounds and the poor sensitivity for inorganic lead makes possible the important determination of the more toxic organic lead in the presence of inorganic lead without any separation step.…”

On-line sample pre-treatment systems interfaced to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry†

“…However, interest in improving knowledge on the biochemical cycle and environmental behavior of such elements led to the development of new separation/preconcentration procedures capable of detecting trace amounts (sub-ng l 21 level) of the elements and their species in samples of different nature. Improved sensitivity has been obtained when volatile materials or compounds, such as gas chromatography (GC) effluents, 60,61 mercury vapor [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] or hydrides, [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] have been introduced directly, on-line, into a pre-heated GF or trapped in situ and subsequently atomized. 13,21 These compounds are transferred into the furnace either via the internal gas line of the instrument or through an interface, directly introduced into the sampling port of the tube.…”

“…There are many reports on mercury vapor absorption on gold-, [64][65][66] platinum-, 67,68 palladium- 69 or iridium-coated 63,70,71 graphite tubes and absorption of hydrides on carbide-forming elements (Zr, Nb, Ta and W) [72][73][74][75] or noble metals (Pt, Pd, Ir or Pd/Ir). [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] On-line matrix separation/digestion followed by ETAAS detection ETAAS has very low detection limits for many elements in aqueous solutions, but it is very sensitive to matrix interferences even with sophisticated background correction and chemical modification. Therefore, removal (solvent or sorbent extraction) or digestion (MW) of the residual sample matrix, as well as isolation of the analyte-containing compounds (e.g., hydride formation, coprecipitation, LC separation), is preferred.…”

Atomic Absorption, Atomic Emission, and Flame Emission Spectrometry

“…Use of a THGA permitted lower detection limits for Ni, Co, and Cr in water and urine (37) and eliminated the gas phase and covolatilization interferences of chloride and sulfate that occur in the determination of Ag in an end heated furnace. A THGA was combined with a flow injection (FI) hydride generation system for the determination of organolead compounds (38,39). Katskov et al (40) described a two-channel spectrometer with a two-step furnace, designed for the study of high-temperature processes taking place in ETAAS.…”