Sensitive and Selective Measurement of Serotonin in Vivo Using Fast Cyclic Square-Wave Voltammetry

Abstract

Although N-shaped fast scan cyclic voltammetry (N-FSCV) is well-established as an electroanalytical method to measure extracellular serotonin concentrations in vivo, it is in need of improvement in both sensitivity and selectivity. Based on our previous studies using fast cyclic square-wave voltammetry (FCSWV) for in vivo dopamine measurements, we have modified this technique to optimize the detection of serotonin in vivo. A series of large amplitude square-shaped potentials was superimposed onto an N-shaped waveform to provide cycling through multiple redox reactions within the N-shaped waveform to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity to serotonin measurement when combined with a two-dimensional voltammogram. N-Shaped fast cyclic square-wave voltammetry (N-FCSWV) showed significantly higher sensitivity to serotonin compared to conventional N-FSCV. In addition, N-FCSWV showed better performance than conventional N-shaped FSCV in differentiating serotonin from its major interferents, dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleascetic acid (5-HIAA). It was also confirmed that the large amplitude of the square waveform did not influence local neuronal activity, and it could monitor electrical stimulation evoked phasic release of serotonin in the rat substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) before and after systemic injection of escitalopram (ESCIT, 10 mg/kg i.p.), a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor.

Green sonochemical synthesis and fabrication of cubic MnFe2O4 electrocatalyst decorated carbon nitride nanohybrid for neurotransmitter detection in serum samples

“…5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin; STN) is an important biogenic amine and neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS (central nervous system) [19] , [20] . The oxidative of STN is involved in various biological functions, enzymatic and nonenzymatic processes in biological system and it is associated with a variety of biological processes and illnesses [20] , [21] . Mainly, the control of the nervous system also one of the roles and function [22] , [23] .…”

Extraction of Antioxidants from Winemaking Byproducts: Effect of the Solvent on Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Cholinesterase Activities, and Electrochemical Behaviour

“…The spectrophotometric methods are currently being questioned because a single in vitro method cannot reflect the total antioxidant potential, and, due to discrepancy in the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant results [27,28]. The cyclic voltammetry technique has been proposed as a good alternative to estimate the total antioxidant potential of winemaking byproducts and the electrochemical behavior of antioxidant compounds has been correlated with the results of in vitro and in vivo biological methods [17,29,30].…”

Clinical applications of neurochemical and electrophysiological measurements for closed-loop neurostimulation

“…Recent advances from our group in developing electrochemical techniques for tonic dopamine and serotonin measurement further expand the armamentarium of research tools to study monoaminergic modulation with DBS. 1,62 Further research aimed at correlating neurotransmitter concentrations with clinical improvement will provide the impetus needed to further develop closed-loop DBS systems.…”

“…Serotonin and dopamine may be viable options as biomarkers given their roles in depression neurochemistry and treatment. 62 Alterations in dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission have been observed in the striatum and hippocampus, respectively, indicating possible regions for electrochemical monitoring. 69,70…”