Sensitive Amplified Immunoenzymometric Assays (IEMA) for Human Insulin and Intact Proinsulin

Alpha, Béatrice; Cox, Lorna; Crowther, Nigel J; Clark, P. M. S.; Hales, C. N.

doi:10.1515/cclm.1992.30.1.27

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Plasma glucose concentration was measured on a Hitachi 911 analyser (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) using the glucose oxidase method (intra and inter-batch CV <4%). Insulin concentration was measured using in-house DELFIA method [18]. The UK National External Quality Assessment Service (UKNEQAS) (Guildford Peptides, Guildford, UK) results showed that the CV was 12.5% at <45 pmol/l, 9.6% at 45-90 pmol/l and 4.3% at >90 pmol/l.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity, inflammation and hyperglycaemia in rural and urban Indian men: Coronary Risk of Insulin Sensitivity in Indian Subjects (CRISIS) Study

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate whether the higher prevalence of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in urban compared with rural Indian men is related to their higher adiposity (percentage body fat) and the associated inflammatory state. Methods We studied 149 rural, 142 urban slum and 150 urban middle-class male residents (age 30-50 years), who were selected by stratified random sampling. We measured body fat (bioimpedance), waist circumference, glucose tolerance (75 g OGTT), insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR)], beta cell function (insulinogenic index) and inflammatory markers (total leucocyte count, IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein). Results Adiposity, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, insulinogenic index and both fasting and 120 min plasma glucose concentrations increased progressively from rural through to urban slum and urban middle-class men. Inflammatory markers were higher in urban than in rural men. Adiposity was strongly related to HOMA-IR (r=0.57, p<0.001) and to insulinogenic index and glycaemic parameters (r=0.25, p<0.001 for both). Adiposity explained approximately two thirds of the difference in HOMA-IR between the urban middle-class men and the rural and slum residents, but its contribution to the difference in insulinogenic index and 120 min plasma glucose concentration was not significant. Inclusion of C-reactive protein, IL-6 and total leucocyte count in the models did not further explain these results, nor did the inclusion of waist circumference. There was a significant residual difference after these adjustments. Conclusions/interpretation Adiposity is a major contributor to the difference in insulin resistance between rural and urban Indian men; there was no additional contribution from inflammation or central obesity. Other unmeasured factors also seem to contribute to the metabolic differences between rural and urban men.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity, inflammation and hyperglycaemia in rural and urban Indian men: Coronary Risk of Insulin Sensitivity in Indian Subjects (CRISIS) Study

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Plasma glucose was measured by an automated hexokinase method, and plasma insulin, proinsulin, and split proinsulin were measured by two-site immunometric assays (7). Statistical methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal and Infant Growth and Glucose Tolerance in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Phillips

Goulden²,

Syddall³

et al. 2005

Diabetes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

, and the Hertfordshire Cohort Study GroupThe Hertfordshire Cohort Study based in the U.K. was the first to report associations between fetal or infant growth and the prevalence of adult glucose intolerance and diabetes. Many studies have replicated the findings with respect to birth weight, but there have been fewer observations in relationship to infant growth, because this is infrequently recorded in routine datasets. Recently, we carried out glucose tolerance tests in a more recently born group of men and women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. The objective was to determine whether the associations with weights at birth and 1 year of age reported in the original study of people born between 1920 and 1930 were observed in people born between 1931 and 1939. Birth weight was inversely related to the overall prevalence of diabetes (comprising newly diagnosed as well as existing cases) in men and women. However, weight at 1 year of age was not associated with diabetes in either sex. Analysis of data from the glucose tolerance tests showed that both sexes had evidence of higher insulin and glucose concentrations in people who were small at birth or during infancy. Finally, direct comparison of 2-h plasma glucose concentrations in the previous and current Hertfordshire study suggested that both surveys showed broad similarity of the trends in glucose tolerance with birth or infant weights; most differences arose at the extremes of the birth weight, possibly because of the small numbers of subjects studied in these groups. Diabetes 54 (Suppl. 2):S145-S150, 2005 S tudies originating in the Hertfordshire cohort in the U.K. were the first to show that low birth and infant weights are linked with a higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in adult life (1,2). The studies showed strong and continuous associations between early growth and the prevalence of these conditions. For example, the prevalence of men with impaired glucose tolerance fell progressively from 26% among those who had weighed Յ18 lb (Յ8.16 kg) at 1 year of age to 13% among those who had weighed Ն27 lb (Ն12.25 kg). Corresponding figures for diabetes were 17% and nil. The associations appear to be independent of known adult risk factors for diabetes, including adult BMI. These findings spawned the fetal origins hypothesis, which proposes that the birth and infant weight associations result from fetal undernutrition (3). It is suggested that fetal undernutrition causes longterm changes in body composition and physiology, which in turn predispose to adult glucose intolerance and diabetes. The hypothesis is strongly supported by a large body of data from animal experiments that show that experimental undernutrition during gestation in a variety of species, including rodents, sheep, and guinea pigs, leads to altered glucose tolerance in the offspring (4).In light of these findings, a number of studies have been carried out in Europe, North America, and developing countries (5). These broadly confirm the Hertfordshire findings, a...

show abstract

“…All samples were permanently stored at Ϫ70°C within 4 h. Plasma glucose was measured in the routine National Health Service Laboratory at Addenbrooke's Hospital by the hexokinase method (24). Plasma insulin was measured by two-site immunometric assays with either 125 I or alkaline phosphatase labels (25,26). Cross-reactivity with intact proinsulin was Ͻ0.2% and interassay coefficients of variation were Ͻ7%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I

Sandhu

Gibson

Heald

et al. 2004

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several prospective observational studies have suggested that elevated circulating IGF-I levels are associated with an increased risk of cancer. These observations may provide a potential mechanism through which previously identified metabolic and anthropometric factors, such as obesity and elevated insulin and glucose levels, may operate. We therefore examined metabolic and anthropometric influences on circulating levels of insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factorbinding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and the IGF-I:IGFBP-1 ratio in a middle-aged population of 349 men and 492 women. IGF-I showed only modest inverse associations with indices of adiposity. However, we found that low IGFBP-I levels and an increased IGF-I:IGFBP-1 ratio were strongly associated with increased levels of insulin and glucose in men and women. Body mass index was also positively related to the IGF-I:IGFBP-1 ratio in men (P < 0.001) and women (P < 0.001), independent of metabolic correlates of IGFBP-1 and IGF-I. Similarly, waist:hip ratio and waist circumference were also associated with an increased IGF-I:IGFBP-1 ratio and low circulating IGFBP-1 levels. These findings suggest that individuals with greater fat mass and upper body obesity may have elevated levels of bioavailable or free IGF-I, which could, in part, mediate the reported associations among metabolic and anthropometric factors and cancer risk.

show abstract

Sensitive Amplified Immunoenzymometric Assays (IEMA) for Human Insulin and Intact Proinsulin

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Adiposity, inflammation and hyperglycaemia in rural and urban Indian men: Coronary Risk of Insulin Sensitivity in Indian Subjects (CRISIS) Study

Adiposity, inflammation and hyperglycaemia in rural and urban Indian men: Coronary Risk of Insulin Sensitivity in Indian Subjects (CRISIS) Study

Fetal and Infant Growth and Glucose Tolerance in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Association between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About