Sensing with ultra-short Fabry-Perot cavities written into optical micro-fibers

Warren‐Smith, Stephen C.; André, Ricardo M.; Dellith, Jan; Eschrich, Tina; Becker, Martin; Bartelt, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.081

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) Optical fibre FPI is attractive owing to its small size, in-line structure, high sensitivity, stable performance and ease of manufacture [437][438][439][440][441][442][443][444][445][446][447]. Representative works on FPI sensors are summarized in Table S8.…”

Section: Fibre Interferometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures: Promising and Inconvenient Truth

Bai

Zhou

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

348

193

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Optical sensors are widely used for refractive index measurement in chemical, biomedical and food processing industries. Due to specific field distribution of the resonances excited, optical sensors provide high sensitivity to ambient refractive index variations. The sensitivity of optical sensor is highly dependent on material and structure of the sensor. Here, we review six major categories of optical refractive index sensors using plasmonic and photonic structures: (i) metal-based propagating plasmonic eigenwave structures, (ii) metal-based localized plasmonic eigenmode structures, (iii) dielectric-based propagating photonic eigenwave structures, (iv) dielectric-based localized photonic eigenmode structures, (v) advanced hybrid structures, and (vi) 2D material integrated structures. Representative configurations working in the wavelength range of 400−2000 nm will be selected and compared in terms of bulk refractive index sensitivities, figure of merits and working wavelengths. A technology map is established in order to define the standard and development trend for optical refractive index sensors.

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Section: Fibre Interferometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures: Promising and Inconvenient Truth

Bai

Zhou

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

348

193

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“…Between two interference minima, the phase change is equal to 2 π , which in terms of optical frequencies can be translated to:Δφ=2π=2πλ1neff2L−2πλ2neff2L=2πν1cneff2L−2πν2cneff2L, where n eff is assumed the same for both wavelengths. In this new scale, the free spectral range in frequency ( FSR v = v 1 − v 2 ) is now given by [7]:FSRν=c2neffL↔OPD=2neffL=cFSRν, where OPD is the optical path difference. The FFT of the reflection spectrum in optical frequencies can now be represented in terms of optical path difference, since the FFT X-axis represents an inverse unit of frequency.…”

Section: The Optical Fiber Probementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, air and silica FPIs in fiber tips were demonstrated in 2016 [6]. Ultra-short FPI cavities milled in microfibers were also proposed as miniaturized sensing devices [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode Fabry–Perot Interferometer Probe Based on Vernier Effect for Enhanced Temperature Sensing

Gomes

Becker

Dellith

et al. 2019

Sensors

Self Cite

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New miniaturized sensors for biological and medical applications must be adapted to the measuring environments and they should provide a high measurement resolution to sense small changes. The Vernier effect is an effective way of magnifying the sensitivity of a device, allowing for higher resolution sensing. We applied this concept to the development of a small-size optical fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer probe that presents more than 60-fold higher sensitivity to temperature than the normal Fabry–Perot interferometer without the Vernier effect. This enables the sensor to reach higher temperature resolutions. The silica Fabry–Perot interferometer is created by focused ion beam milling of the end of a tapered multimode fiber. Multiple Fabry–Perot interferometers with shifted frequencies are generated in the cavity due to the presence of multiple modes. The reflection spectrum shows two main components in the Fast Fourier transform that give rise to the Vernier effect. The superposition of these components presents an enhancement of sensitivity to temperature. The same effect is also obtained by monitoring the reflection spectrum node without any filtering. A temperature sensitivity of -654 pm/°C was obtained between 30 °C and 120 °C, with an experimental resolution of 0.14 °C. Stability measurements are also reported.

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“…Another approach is to dig the cavity directly inside the fiber by machining it perpendicularly to the fiber's axis. Examples can be found in [14], where the fiber is machined with an fs laser to create a notch that performs as a reflection cavity, or in [15], where focused ion beam milling is used. Chemical etching is also widely used to open channels in the fiber, like in [16], allowing the penetration of microfluidics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Fabry–Perot Interferometer Manufactured by NIR Laser Microdrilling and Electric Arc Fusion

2019

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In-line Fabry–Perot cavities manufactured by a new technique using electric arc fusion of NIR laser microdrilled optical fiber flat tips were studied herein for refractive index sensing. Sensors were produced by creating an initial hole on the tip of a standard single-mode telecommunication optical fiber using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Laser ablation and plasma formation processes created 5 to 10 micron cavities. Then, a standard splicing machine was used to fuse the microdrilled fiber with another one, thus creating cavities with lengths around 100 micrometers. This length has been proven to be necessary to obtain an interferometric signal with good fringe visibility when illuminating it in the C-band. Then, the sensing tip of the fiber, with the resulting air cavity, was submitted to several cleaves to enhance the signal and, therefore, its response as a sensor, with final lengths between tens of centimeters for the longest and hundreds of microns for the shortest. The experimental results were analyzed via two signal analysis techniques, fringe visibility and fast Fourier transform, for comparison purposes. In absolute values, the obtained sensitivities varied between 0.31 nm−1/RIU and about 8 nm−1/RIU using the latter method and between about 34 dB/RIU and 54 dB/RIU when analyzing the fringe visibility.

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Sensing with ultra-short Fabry-Perot cavities written into optical micro-fibers

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Optical Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures: Promising and Inconvenient Truth

Optical Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures: Promising and Inconvenient Truth

Multimode Fabry–Perot Interferometer Probe Based on Vernier Effect for Enhanced Temperature Sensing

A Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Fabry–Perot Interferometer Manufactured by NIR Laser Microdrilling and Electric Arc Fusion

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