Sensing, Signaling, and Secretion: A Review and Analysis of Systems for Regulating Host Interaction in Wolbachia

Lindsey, Amelia R.I.

doi:10.3390/genes11070813

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 175 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It may be that fast evolving genomic regions, such as those associated with mobile elements, contribute to the ability of some strains to rapidly adapt to new hosts. As genomic data accumulate, systematic analyses of genomic variation affecting traits involved in the Wolbachia / host interactions, such as sensing, signalling and secretion may help resolve this issue (Lindsey, 2020). Wolbachia variations affecting host tissue niche tropism and localisation may also be at play.…”

Section: Host Shift Ability Of Wolbachia Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachiahost shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wolbachia is one of the most abundant endosymbionts on earth, with a wide distribution especially in arthropods. Effective maternal transmission and the induction of various phenotypes in their hosts are two key features of this bacterium. Here, we review our current understanding of another central aspect of Wolbachia's success: their ability to switch from one host species to another. We build on the proposal that Wolbachia host shifts occur in four main steps: (i) physical transfer to a new species; (ii) proliferation within that host; (iii) successful maternal transmission; and (iv) spread within the host species. Host shift can fail at each of these steps, and the likelihood of ultimate success is influenced by many factors. Some stem from traits of Wolbachia (different strains have different abilities for host switching), others on host features such as genetic resemblance (e.g. host shifting is likely to be easier between closely related species), ecological connections (the donor and recipient host need to interact), or the resident microbiota. Host shifts have enabled Wolbachia to reach its enormous current incidence and global distribution among arthropods in an epidemiological process shaped by loss and acquisition events across host species. The ability of Wolbachia to transfer between species also forms the basis of ongoing endeavours to control pests and disease vectors, following artificial introduction into uninfected hosts such as mosquitoes. Throughout, we emphasise the many knowledge gaps in our understanding of Wolbachia host shifts, and question the effectiveness of current methodology to detect these events. We conclude by discussing an apparent paradox: how can Wolbachia maintain its ability to undergo host shifts given that its biology seems dominated by vertical transmission?

show abstract

Section: Host Shift Ability Of Wolbachia Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachiahost shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This transmission/virulence trade-off often leads to an optimal density, which can be controlled by host or bacterial determinants. In insect hosts, the main molecular mechanisms that determine the abundance and composition of symbionts are associated with immune response (Lemaitre and Hoffmann, 2007; Zug and Hammerstein, 2015) or resource allocation (Kiers et al ., 2003), and microbial communities can in turn select resistance mechanisms against host effectors or trigger antagonist regulators of the host immunity (Vallet-Gely et al , 2008; Lindsey, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachiaload variation inDrosophilais more likely caused by drift than by host genetic factors

Bénard

Henri

Noûs

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Symbiosis is a continuum of long-term interactions ranging from mutualism to parasitism, according to the balance between costs and benefits for the protagonists. The density of endosymbiont density is in both cases a key factor that determines both the transmission of symbiont and the host extended phenotype and is thus tightly regulated within hosts. However, the evolutionary and molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial density regulation are currently poorly understood. In this context, the symbiosis between the fruit fly and its intracellular bacteria Wolbachia (wMelPop strain) is particularly interesting to study. Although vertically-transmitted, the symbiont is pathogenic, and a positive correlation between virulence and wMelPop density is observed. In addition, the number of repeats of a bacterial genomic region -Octomom- varies between individuals, but most likely also within them, and is positively correlated to the Wolbachia density. Such genetic heterogeneity within the host could promote conflicts between partners by increasing within-host competition between symbiont genotypes through a process analogous to the tragedy of the common. To characterize the determinisms at play in the regulation of bacterial density, we first introgressed wMelPop in different genetic backgrounds of D. melanogaster. We found different density levels and Octomom copy numbers in each host lineage, suggesting a host influence on density regulation through Octomom copy number selection. To confirm this hypothesis, we performed new replicated introgressions on the two Drosophila populations that exhibited the most extreme density levels. However, we found no evidence of host influence on density regulation. Instead, we found instability in infection patterns across generations, which rather suggests an influence of drift. Moreover, using reciprocal crosses with the two extreme lineages, we confirmed the absence of host regulation on density levels and Octomom copy number, and a strong influence of drift. We then discuss how drift, both on the symbiont population during transmission and on the host population, could limit the efficiency of selection in such a symbiotic system, and the consequences of drift on the regulation of density and composition of bacterial populations.

show abstract

“…At the molecular level, the mechanisms of interaction between partners remain unclear. Genome sequencing of the Wolbachia wasp Trichogramma pretiosum did not reveal the specific genes responsible for the induction of thelytoky (Lindsey, Werren, Richards and Stouthamer, 2016). A comparative analysis of several genomes (29 genomes) of Wolbachia was also not informative in this regard (Lindsey, 2020).…”

Section: Symbio-genetics Parthenogenesismentioning

confidence: 94%

Reproductive parasitism in insects. The interaction of host and bacteria

Goryacheva

Andrianov

2021

BioComm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reproductive parasitism is a specific form of symbiosis in which a microorganism alters the reproduction of the host by interfering with the mechanisms of sex development. The review considers four changes in reproduction — male killing, parthenogenesis, feminization, and cytoplasmic incompatibility — determined by cytoplasmic bacteria. The cytogenetic and molecular genetic mechanisms of interaction between partners in the symbiotic system are discussed, including the comparative analysis of molecular-genetic factors responsible for reproductive parasitism. The features of the interaction between an insect and bacteria in symbiosis with various systems for determining the sex of the host, male and female heterogamy and haplodiploidy, are considered. Studies of cytoplasmic incompatibility are of great practical importance, since they open up prospects for non-invasive engineering on natural insect populations for biocontrol.

show abstract

Sensing, Signaling, and Secretion: A Review and Analysis of Systems for Regulating Host Interaction in Wolbachia

Cited by 25 publications

References 175 publications

Wolbachiahost shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences

Wolbachiahost shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences

Wolbachiaload variation inDrosophilais more likely caused by drift than by host genetic factors

Reproductive parasitism in insects. The interaction of host and bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About